Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC Devon M. Simmonds Ethics & Presentations … Slides compiled from various sources including: 1.LINK1LINK1 2.LINK2LINK2 3.Course text

Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC550 2 Outline Research ethics & Plagiarism Making presentations

Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC550 3 The Paper Writing Process A partial state model

Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC550 4 Research Ethics SOURCE: LINK LINK Plagiarism Authorship Confidentiality and conflict of interest Ethics checklist

Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC550 5 Plagiarism is the act of presenting the words, ideas, images, sounds, or the creative expression of others without appropriate acknowledgment (as your own). What is plagiarism? SOURCE: LINK LINK

Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC550 6 Plagiarism: Key Motivations SOURCE: LINK LINK Science is built on trust Each published work is expected to make an original contribution

Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC550 7 Plagiarism: Misjudgment SOURCE: LINK LINK Author is unaware of appropriate academic practice Inappropriate or inadequate citation (see chapter 13 of Zobel)

Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC550 8 Plagiarism: Misrepresentation SOURCE: LINK LINK A research publication does not accurately reflect the research results A research publication does not accurately reflect the contribution made by previous research Quietly correcting online publications Misrepresentation = fraud

Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC550 9 Plagiarism: Role of Intent Intentional – Copying a friend’s work – Buying or borrowing papers – Cutting and pasting blocks of text from electronic sources without documenting – Media “borrowing”without documentation – Web publishing without permissions of creators Unintentional – Careless paraphrasing – Poor documentation – Quoting excessively – Failure to use your own “voice” SOURCE: LINK LINK

Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC Real life consequences: Damaged the reputation of two prominent historians, Stephen Ambrose and Doris Kearns Goodwin, – Kearns left television position and stepped down as Pulitzer Prize judge for “lifting” 50 passages for her 1987 book The Fitzgeralds and the Kennedys (Lewis) Senator Joseph Biden dropped his 1987 campaign for the Democratic presidential nomination. (Sabato) – Copied in law school and borrowed from campaign speeches of Robert Kennedy Boston Globe journalist Mike Barnicle forced to resign for plagiarism in his columns (“Boston Columnist...”) Probe of plagiarism at UVA--45 students dismissed, 3 graduate degrees revoked – CNN Article AP. 26 Nov CNN Article – Channel One Article AP. 27 Nov Channel One Article SOURCE: LINK LINK

Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC Real life consequences: New York Times senior reporter Jayson Blair forced to resign after being accused of plagiarism and fraud. “The newspaper said at least 36 of the 73 articles he had written had problems with accuracy, calling the deception a "low point" in the newspaper's history.” “New York Times Exposes Fraud of Own Reporter.” ABC News Online. 12 May, SOURCE: LINK LINK

Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC Authorship Whose name should be listed on a paper Each author must have made some contribution Ordering?

Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC Confidentiality and Conflict of Interest

Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC An Ethics Checklist SOURCE: LINK LINK See pp. 224 of Zobel

Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC Summary

Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC Making Presentations

Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC Tips to be Covered Outlines Slide Structure Fonts Colour Background Graphs Spelling and Grammar Conclusions Questions

Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC Outline Make your 1 st or 2 nd slide an outline of your presentation – Ex: previous slide Follow the order of your outline for the rest of the presentation Only place main points on the outline slide – Ex: Use the titles of each slide as main points

Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC Slide Structure – Good Use 1-2 slides per minute of your presentation Write in point form, not complete sentences Include 4-5 points per slide Avoid wordiness: use key words and phrases only

Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC Slide Structure - Bad This page contains too many words for a presentation slide. It is not written in point form, making it difficult both for your audience to read and for you to present each point. Although there are exactly the same number of points on this slide as the previous slide, it looks much more complicated. In short, your audience will spend too much time trying to read this paragraph instead of listening to you.

Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC Slide Structure – Good Show one point at a time: – Will help audience concentrate on what you are saying – Will prevent audience from reading ahead – Will help you keep your presentation focused

Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC Slide Structure - Bad Do not use distracting animation Do not go overboard with the animation Be consistent with the animation that you use

Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC Fonts - Good Use at least an 18-point font Use different size fonts for main points and secondary points – this font is 24-point, the main point font is 28-point, and the title font is 36-point Use a standard font like Times New Roman or Arial

Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC Fonts - Bad If you use a small font, your audience won’t be able to read what you have written CAPITALIZE ONLY WHEN NECESSARY. IT IS DIFFICULT TO READ Don’t use a complicated font

Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC Colour - Good Use a colour of font that contrasts sharply with the background – Ex: blue font on white background Use colour to reinforce the logic of your structure – Ex: light blue title and dark blue text Use colour to emphasize a point – But only use this occasionally

Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC Colour - Bad Using a font colour that does not contrast with the background colour is hard to read Using colour for decoration is distracting and annoying. Using a different colour for each point is unnecessary – Using a different colour for secondary points is also unnecessary Trying to be creative can also be bad

Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC Background - Good Use backgrounds such as this one that are attractive but simple Use backgrounds which are light Use the same background consistently throughout your presentation

Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC Background – Bad Avoid backgrounds that are distracting or difficult to read from Always be consistent with the background that you use

Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC Graphs - Good Use graphs rather than just charts and words – Data in graphs is easier to comprehend & retain than is raw data – Trends are easier to visualize in graph form Always title your graphs

Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC Graphs - Bad

Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC Graphs - Good

Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC Graphs - Bad Title is missing Font is too small & Colours are illogical Minor gridlines are unnecessary & Shading is distracting

Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC Spelling and Grammar Proof your slides for: – speling mistakes – the use of of repeated words – grammatical errors you might have make If English is not your first language, please have someone else check your presentation!

Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC To make a slide stand out, change the font and/or background

Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC Conclusion Use an effective and strong closing – Your audience is likely to remember your last words Use a conclusion slide to: – Summarize the main points of your presentation – Suggest future avenues of research

Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC Questions?? End your presentation with a simple question slide to: – Invite your audience to ask questions – Provide a visual aid during question period – Avoid ending a presentation abruptly

Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC This course is about ethical issues surrounding the use of cybertechnologies. This is a class about writing. In this session we covered – Research ethics & rules for making good presentations Next class – Introduction to Ethical Theories SU MM AR Y