Napoleon Bonaparte Nicole Pexa

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Napoleon Bonaparte Nicole Pexa http://www.history.com/topics/napoleon/videos#napoleon

Background August 15, 1769- Born in Corsica into an impoverished noble family. Excelled in military- became lieutenant in 1785.

Background Aware of a scheme to over-throw the Directory (weak dictatorship) Abbé Sieyès saw Napoleon as ideal choice for ruler Military experience Flamboyant Named first consul of the republic in December 1799. December 2, 1804, crowned himself Emperor of the French.

Domestic Policies Bank of France-Served both state and financial oligarchy. Napoleonic Code- forbade privileges from birth and government jobs went to the most qualified. Women lost many rights. Concordat of 1801- wanted to heal religious division. Freedom of religion Many gains for Napoleon Civil Code of 1804- equality of male citizens and security of wealth and property. “My glory is not to have won forty battles...but what nothing will destroy, what will live eternally, is my Civil Code.”

Expansion Defeated Austria, Treaty of Lunéville (1801) Lost almost all Italian possessions and German territory west of the Rhine. Treaty of Amiens (1802) with Great Britain. Napoleon kept lands Popular among French

Expansion Attempted to restrict British trade with all of Europe. Reenter war with Britain May 1803. Wanted to invade England, defeated at Battle of Trafalgar on October 21,1805. Third Coalition made against France: Austria, Russia, Sweden, and Britain. Soon collapsed

Expansion 1806- reorganized German states Prussia was alarmed, joined in war. Alexander I of Russia wanted peace (Treaties of Tilsit) Prussia lost half of population Russia accepted reorganization Russia would follow through on blockade against British goods.

Napoleon Era Ends Tried to expand his empire to Spain (1808), failed. France suffered counter-blockade for Britain (Russia repudiated prohibition against British goods). Sent 600,000 men to fight Russia 1812. 370,000 men killed 200,000 prisoner.

Napoleon Era Ends Treaty of Chaumont- March 1814 Austria, Prussia, Russia, and Great Britain pledged to defeat Napoleon. Napoleon abdicated throne April 1814 Louis XVIII took power, ran away when Napoleon tried to reclaim throne February 1815. Hundred Days- Allies defeated Napoleon June 18, 1815.