The Post-Napoleon World
Spurred on by discontent and enlightened ideas Many peoples wanted control of themselves Inspired by American and French Revolutions Latin American’s first to act against their imperial powers Revolutions erupted within European countries b/w Many were reaction against Metternich’s conservative ideals
REVOLUTION: drastic or dramatic change Revolutions are as much a matter of ideas as they are of weapons
- less than 1 % of population -born in Spain -only who could hold high office -23% of population -Spaniards born in Latin America -could NOT hold office but could be Officers in army -7% of population -mix of Euro/Indians -8% of population -mix of Euro/African -6% of population -enslaved-$$$value - less than 1 % of population -born in Spain -only who could hold high office -23% of population -Spaniards born in Latin America -could NOT hold office but could be Officers in army -7% of population -mix of Euro/Indians -8% of population -mix of Euro/African -6% of population -enslaved-$$$value Peninsulares Creoles Mestizos Mulattos Africans Native Americans(Indians) 56% of population Little $$ value Treated the worst of all classes
Nationalism: the pride in one’s country, heritage, culture, language, history, customs Nationalism vs. Patriotism Nation: a group of people sharing same culture, language, history, customs Ex. Ukrainians, Scots, Native Americans Nation-State: a group a people collected under one governing power (can be a nation) Ex. United Kingdom, US, Germany, Spain
The Balkans Controlled mostly by crumbling Ottoman Empire Very vulnerable to nationalism Greece gains independence in 1830 ▪ Help from European Powers-Why? ▪ Preservation of ancient history and culture which inspired modern Europe
Revolutions of 1830 Breakdown of Metternich’s conservative system Liberal middle class revolting against power or aristocracy Belgians gain independence from Dutch Italian uprisings led by Young Italy put down my Metternich Revolutions of 1848 EEthnic uprisings in Austrian Empire PPrague, Czechs BBudapest, Hungary EEventually forces Metternich to resign CConservatives gain control by 1849 RRevolution in France AAccepts strong ruler after chaos of more radical rulers EElect Louis-Napoleon as Emperor Napoleon III ▪F▪France experienced industrialization and prosperity
France: reviving French glory Germany & Italy: united nation-states Austria: preserve its diverse empire REAL POLITIK: “politics of reality” “The end justifies the means.” –Machiavelli Politics that uses any means necessary to get the job done
Italian city-states unify under the leadership of Cavour (brains) Garibaldi (sword) Italy becomes Kingdom of Italy in 1871 Political and economic problems plague Italy into the 20 th century
Prussia’s push to collect all non-Austrian Germans Led by Otto von Bismarck Prime Minister of Prussia Master of real politik Defeated Austria and France to win allegiance from all German Confederate States France swears revenge Germany becomes a united nation in 1871
5 GREAT POWERS OF EUROPE PRE-1870 Great Britain France Russia Austrian Empire Prussia 6 GREAT POWERS OF EUROPE POST-1870 Great Britain France Russia Austria - Hungary Germany Italy