Journal: Describe in detail a time when you “snapped”. Include the events leading up to the moment of losing it and how it all ended.

Theory on why revolutions happen J-Curve Hypothesis Expected satisfaction of needs and wants Actual satisfaction of needs and wants An intolerable gap between what people want and what they get Time Revolution occurs at this point

continue Revolutions are more likely to occur after a long period of social and economic development, followed by a sharp downturn. The people’s view of conditions, their expectations, are more important than the actual conditions or state of development. The gap between reality and expectations creates a loss of confidence. When frustrations develop that are intense and widespread, they are released through violent action.

The Next “Logical” Step Enlightenment Start to question Revolution Absolutism “Don’t question us or else” “…hmm m…” “We’re not gonna take it – No we ain’t gonna take it!”

The World Turned Upside Down

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It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity… -- Charles Dickens A Tale of Two Cities

1. Long Term Causes – The Old Regime

The French Urban Poor

aUrban Commoner’s Budget: –Food 80% –Rent 25% –Tithe 10% –Taxes 35% –Clothing 20% –TOTAL 170% Financial Problems in France, 1789

2. The Immediate Cause Marie Antoinette & Louis XVI The French Monarchy:

Let Them Eat Cake! YMarie Antoinette NEVER said that! Y“Madame Deficit” Y“The Austrian Whore”

2. The Immediate Cause King’s Budget:King’s Budget: –Interest 50% Army 25%Army 25% Versailles 25%Versailles 25% –Coronation 10% –Loans 25% –Admin. 25% –TOTAL 160%

Convening the Estates General May, 1789 Last time it was called into session was 1614!

The Suggested Voting Pattern: Voting by Estates Clergy 1st Estate Aristocracy 2nd Estate Commoners 3rd Estate Louis XIV insisted that the ancient distinction of the three orders be conserved in its entirety.

Each estate is represented but… –1–1st=300 reps=1 vote (2% of pop.) –2–2nd=300 reps=1 vote (2% of pop.) –3–3rd=600 reps=1 vote (96% 0f pop.)

“The Third Estate Awakens” YThe commoners finally presented their credentials not as delegates of the Third Estate, but as “representatives of the nation.” YThey proclaimed themselves the “National Assembly” of France.

“The Tennis Court Oath” by Jacques Louis David June 20, 1789

3. The Storming of the Bastille Storming the Bastille, July 14, 1789 YA rumor that the king was planning a military coup against the National Assembly. Y18 died. Y73 wounded. Y7 guards killed. YIt held 7 prisoners [5 ordinary criminals & 2 madmen].

The Great Fear: Peasant Revolt (July 20, 1789) YRumors that the feudal aristocracy [the aristos] were sending hired brigands to attack peasants and pillage their land.

The Path of the “Great Fear”

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen August 26, 1789 VLiberty! VEquality! VFraternity

The Tricolor (1789) Citizen! Citizen!

The Tricolor is the Fashion!

The “Liberty Cap”: Bonne Rouge

Revolutionary Symbols

Revolutionary Playing Cards

Economy’s broke, No Flow Louis the king’s all like “Yo?” “Help me out my French bro’s!” Estates General has the Go 1st time in 175 years, don’t ya know? It’s unfairly represented, though So… National Assembly is Fo’med Louis responds, “Hells no!” Then comes the Tennis Court Oath Louis agrees, then says “D’Oh” Orders troops to settle the sco’ (score) The people react, Bastille is no mo’ (more) The Great Fear comes over the po’ (poor) Causes some major refo’ms (reforms) Is it enough to make happy the common folk?

4. Radicalism Extreme Change Towards a completely new society Moderate change is not fast enough Push towards equality and freedom Use of violence to achieve objectives

4. Radicalism Louis XVI as a Pig

Louis XVI’s Head (January 21, 1793) c The trial of the king was hastened by the discovery in a secret cupboard in the Tuilieres of a cache of documents. c They proved conclusively Louis’ knowledge and encouragement of foreign intervention. c The National Convention voted 387 to 334 to execute the monarchs.

Marie Antoinette as a Serpent

Marie Antoinette Died in October, 1793

5. The Reign of Terror The Reign of Terror Terror is nothing other than justice, prompt, severe, inflexible. -- Robespierre

Let terror be the order of the day! c The Revolutionary Tribunal of Paris alone executed 2,639 victims in 15 months. c The total number of victims nationwide was over 20,000!

Oh, thou charming guillotine, You shorten kings and queens; By your influence divine, We have re-conquered our rights. Come to aid of the Country And let your superb instrument Become forever permanent To destroy the impious sect. Sharpen your razor for Pitt and his agents Fill your divine sack with heads of tyrants. The Guillotine: An “Enlightenment Tool”?

Different Social Classes Executed

The “Monster” Guillotine The last guillotine execution in France was in 1939! The last guillotine execution in France was in 1939!

An attempt by the Radicals to re order society based on quasi- enlightenment principles Destroy any remaining remnants of the Old Regime, namely the 1 st and second estates Accomplished through De- Christianization & the creation of a new religion 6. The Republic of Virtue

New NameMeaningTime Period VendemaireVintageSeptember 22 – October 21 BrumaireFogOctober 22 – November 20 FrimaireFrostNovember 21 – December 20 NivoseSnowDecember 21 – January 19 PluvioseRainJanuary 20 – February 18 VentoseWindFebruary 19 – March 20 GerminalBuddingMarch 21 – April 19 FlorealFlowersApril 20 – May 19 PrairialMeadowMay 20 – June 18 MessidorHarvestJune 19 – July 18 ThermidorHeatJuly 19 – August 17 FructidorFruitAugust 18 – September 21 The New Republican Calendar

The “Temple of Reason” Come, holy Liberty, inhabit this temple, Become the goddess of the French people.

The Festival of Supreme Being A new secular holiday

7. The Directory and Rise of Napoleon Period of 5 years of recovery from the “Terror” and corruption Ends with Napoleon’s Coup' d'état

8. Conclusion of the Revolution