Mr. Gaccione Power point presentation of the cell

Cell Structure & Function

THE CELL THEORY The cell is the basic unit of all living things. All organisms are composed of one or more cells All cells come from pre-existing cells

Cell discovery Robert Hooke - discovered cells while looking at cork cells. mid-1600s Anton von Leeuwenhoek - discovered life while looking at pond water. mid-1600s Mattias Schwann - all animals consists of cells.1830s Theodore Schleiden - all plants consists of cells. 1830s

Cells have many different parts called organelles that work together to keep it alive. 3 main parts of the cell: 1. Nucleus – The brain. The nucleus is the control center of the cell. It is the largest organelle in the cell and it contains the nucleolus and DNA. 2. Cell membrane –Gives the cell shape & hold the cytoplasm. 3. Cytoplasm – Jellylike material that makes up most of the cell. Most chemical reaction in the cell take place here. All organelles are suspended in the cytoplasm.

Three main parts of a cell CYTOPLASM CELL MEMBRANE NUCLEUS

Other organelles of the cell: Nuclear membrane – surrounds the nucleus and separates it from the rest of the cell. allows materials in & out of the nucleus.

ANALOGIES Has small openings in the nuclear membrane called Pores…. Analogies of a nuclear membrane would be a window screen and pores of the skin.

Nucleolus – found within the nucleus. produces ribosomes.

Chromosomes – Carries information that determines what traits a living thing will have. Found within the nucleus. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) contains all the information for cells to live, perform their functions and reproduce.

Cell membrane The fluid mosaic model describes the structure of the plasma membrane. Fluid = flexibility. Mosaic = many parts. The membrane is seen as a bilayer of phospholipids in which protein molecules are embedded.

Ribosomes Found in the cytoplasm, but most are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. Ribosomes produce proteins.

Ribosomes While attached to the ER, ribosomes produce proteins that are needed in the cell and exported elsewhere in the body.

Endoplasmic reticulum – A network of membranes throughout the cytoplasm. Ribosomes are little factories that send proteins to the ER Transports materials in & outside the cell. Considered smooth or rough.

Mitochondria – organelle that converts food molecules into energy(ATP) Mitochondria – organelle that converts food molecules into energy(ATP). Powerhouse of the cell. The process of cellular _________ occurs here. respiration

Mitochondria(continue) Every type of cell has a different amount of mitochondria. There are more mitochondria in cells that have to perform lots of work, for example - your leg muscle cells, heart muscle cells etc.

Vacuole – Liquid-filled space that stores food, water, and wastes Vacuole – Liquid-filled space that stores food, water, and wastes. Larger in plant cells. Gives support - turgor pressure. .

Vacuole under the microscope

Centrioles – Helps with cell reproduction Centrioles – Helps with cell reproduction. Always found in pairs next to the nucleus

Centrioles align spindle fibers

Chloroplasts Found only in plant cells Chloroplasts Found only in plant cells. Contains green pigment (chlorophyll), that traps energy from the sun. Photosynthesis occurs here.

Cell wall Found only in plant cells Cell wall Found only in plant cells. A thick covering outside the cell membrane.

Cell wall protects the cellular contents gives support to the plant structure provides a porous medium for the circulation  and distribution of water, minerals, and other small nutrient molecules The cell wall is formed from fibrils of cellulose molecules

Lysosomes-(lysol). -contains digestive enzymes Lysosomes-(lysol) -contains digestive enzymes break down materials, such as worn out cells and bacteria.

Golgi bodies – Receives proteins from rough ER Golgi bodies – Receives proteins from rough ER. Packages and delivers proteins to needed areas.

Cytoskeleton. - made of microtubules, that give Cytoskeleton - made of microtubules, that give structure and support to the cell. -found within the cytoplasm.

Animal cell vs. Plant cell centrioles. cell wall, chloroplast Animal cell vs. Plant cell centrioles cell wall, chloroplast & larger vacuole cytoskeleton

Differences between Eukaryotic & Prokaryotic cells Eukaryotic cells have many organelles Prokaryotic lack organelles no nucleus Eukaryotic are much larger than Prokaryotic cells Examples of Eukaryotic cells - animal & plant cells Examples of Prokaryotic cells - bacterial cells

smooth ER / mitochondria / nucleus / nucleolus / cell membrane centriole / golgi appartatus / cytoskeleton lysosomes / ribosomes / rough ER / cytoplasm mitochondria lysosomes golgi appartatus nucleolus rough ER nucleus smooth ER centriole cytoskeleton cell membrane cytoplasm ribosomes