6. Objective lenses magnify 4x, 10x and 40x Ocular lens magnifies 10X 2. Body tube 4. Revolving nose piece 3. Arm 6. Objective lenses magnify 4x, 10x and 40x 5. Stage clip 7. Adjustment knob 8. Slide 9. Stage 10. Coarse adjustment knob (low power) 11. Iris Diaphragm 12. Light 13. Fine adjustment knob 15. Base 14. Power switch

magnification of ocular lens x magnification of objective lens = total magnification Example: 10 x 40 = 400x

Microscope parts and functions Part Name Purpose of Part 1 Look through this to see an object under the microscope. Usually 10X magnification. 2 Connects the ocular to the microscope. 3 Connects the base and the barrel. 4 Turns to change the objective lenses to use. 5 Holds the slide in place 6 Used to view objects at three different magnifications 7 Moves the stage side-to-side, or forward and back to get the object into the field of view Ocular lens Body Tube Arm Nose piece Stage Clip Objective lens Stage adjustment knob

Microscope parts and functions Part Name Purpose of Part 8 Piece of glass onto which the object to be viewed is placed 9 Holds the slide for viewing 10 Raises and lowers the stage for focusing under low power 11 Adjusts the amount of light entering the field of view 12 Source of light 13 Slightly moves the stage to sharpen the image 14 Turns the illumination on or off 15 Supports the microscope Slide Stage Coarse focus Iris diaphragm Lamp Fine Focus Power Switch Base

Animal Cell Cell membrane - semi-permeable Vesicle/vacuole - storage Cytoplasm - fluid Golgi complex - packages Endoplasmic Reticulum - transport Centrioles- Cell division Ribosomes Make proteins Nucleus - brain Nucleolus – makes RNA and ribosomes Lysosome - digestion Chromosome - DNA 14. Mitochondrion Makes energy (ATP) Animal Cell

Bozeman – A tour of the Cell From 5:17 to end http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Z9pqST72is

Special Plant Structures Cell Wall Vacuole Chloroplast

Vacuoles Larger in plants than animals Function Storage of food and water and waste

Vacuoles When a plant cell has stopped growing there is usually one very large vacuole. Sometimes that vacuole can take up more than half of the cell's VOLUME. The vacuole holds large amounts of water or food. The vacuoles can also hold the plant waste products.

Chloroplast

Chloroplast Structure Contains chlorophyll and enzymes required for photosynthesis Contains ribosomes and a small loop of DNA

Chloroplast Function Production of carbohydrates - glucose 6CO2 + 6H2O  6O2 + C6H12O6 (glucose) The process of producing these carbohydrates is known as photosynthesis

Cell Wall

Cell membrane vs. Cell wall Structure Found in plant cells, made of layers of cellulose Function Support and protection of the cell Cell membrane vs. Cell wall

Plant Cell Diagram Lysosome - digestion Cell wall - cellulose Nucleus - brain Cell membrane Nucleolus – makes RNA ribosomes- make proteins Chromosome - DNA E.R. - transport Chloroplast - photosynthesis Vacuole - storage cytoplasm Golgi complex – packaging Mitochondrion - energy

Both Plant cell Animal Cell vacuoles nucleus Centrioles Cell Wall nucleolus chloroplast Cytoplasm Golgi complex Ribosomes lysosomes mitochondria cell membrane vesicles E.R.

vesicle or lysosome nucleus chromosomes Vacuole nucleolus chloroplast ribosomes Endoplasmic reticulum Cell membrane Cell wall mitochondrion cytoplasm Golgi complex

How To Use a Microscope Make sure the objective lens with the lowest power is in place. Place the slide on the stage and secure the slide using the stage clip. Use the coarse focus knob to bring the objective lens close to the slide. Use the fine focus knob to focus. To move to high power, rotate the nosepiece to the high power objective lens. Use the fine adjustment knob to bring the image into focus.