Cells Theory, Structure, Function

What is a Cell? The smallest unit that can carry on all the processes of life

Robert Hooke 1665 Cork Cells “A lot of little boxes” Dead Cells

Anton van Leeuwenhoek 1673 Hand lens First live cells

Schleiden 1838 observed that plants are composed of cells

Schwann 1839 observed that all animals are composed of cells Yes humans are animals

Virchow 1858 observed that cells come from other cells (reproduction)

Cell Theory 1. All living things are made of one or more cells. 2. The basic unit of structure and function within an organism is the cell. 3. All cells arise from existing cells.

Create a Timeline Must include: Accurate time increments 4 Pictures Descriptions of each scientist accomplishment Schleiden HookeSchwann Van LeeuwenhoekVirchow

What is a Prokaryote? An organism that lacks a nucleus Lacks other membrane bound organelles Ex. Bacteria

What is a eukaryote? Organism that has a well defined nucleus Contains membrane-bound organelles Some Specialized cells can function without a nucleus, Ex. Red blood cells Ex. Plants, Fungi, Animals, Humans

Create a T-Chart With your shoulder partner create a T- chart that state the Differences between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes. Prokaryotes Eukaryotes

What are the two types of organisms? Unicellular – a complete living organism that consists of only one cell Examples – bacteria Multicellular – a living organism consisting of more then one cell Examples – animals, plants

Level of Organization Cell  tissue  Organ  Organs system  Organism

What is an organelle? A cell component that performs specific functions Example – nucleus, cell membrane

Cell Membrane The outer boundary of the cell Gives shape and flexibility to the cell Is semi-permeable Security guard

Mitochondria Breaks down food molecules and releases energy in the form of ATP Battery/Generator

Chloroplast Only found in Plants Green Site of Photosynthesis

Golgi Apparatus Receives proteins from ER and chemically modifies them Processes, packages, and secretes cell products Uses vesicles for transport UPS

Ribosomes The site of protein synthesis Can be attached to the ER or float loose in the cell Line workers

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Rough ER with ribosomes Smooth ER w/out ribosomes Prepares proteins for export breaks down toxic substances; Can be rough or smooth

Lysosome Contains digestive enzymes Digests and rids the cell of waste Prevents bacteria and viruses from invading Performs: Program Cell Death

Nucleus The cells brain Contains chromosomes (DNA) Involved in protein synthesis Boss/Manager

Nucleolus The nucleolus is within the nucleus. ribosome RNA are synthesized

Cell Wall Only in plant cells Thicker then the membrane Relatively inflexible Protects and supports the cell Block wall

Cytoplasm Semi-fluid material inside a cell Nutrient rich

Major cell organelles Cilia and Flagella Hair-like organelles that extend beyond the surface of the cell Assist in movement

Vacuole Sack of fluid surrounded by a membrane Stores food, enzymes or waste. Animals cells typically have many small ones Plant cells typically have one large one Storage closet

Plant cell vs. Animal cell Plant Cells have: Cell Wall One Large vacuole Plastids (stores food or pigment which give color to plant) Chloroplast Solar panel

Closing QuizCells 1. Which organelle propels a cell through an environment? Hint there are two possible answers.(1 pt) 2. Which organelle is the final processing center for a protein? (1pt) 3. Which three organelles are present in plant cells but not animal cells? (3 pts) 4. What is the difference between a prokaryote and a eukaryote? (1 pt)