Mitosis

 Common to most living things  Sequence of growth and division of a cell.

Interphase  Period of growth for a cell  Majority of time spent in this phase (95%)  Grows in size  Metabolic processes  Chromosomes are duplicated  Preparation for division

Interphase  3 parts  G1(Growth Stage 1) First growth phase. Protein production is high  S (Synthesis Stage) Continues to grow Copies genetic material  G2 (Growth Stage 2) Second Growth Phase Cell completes preparations for cell division Cytoplasmic Organelles are replicated

Fill in where Interphase belongs along with the different stages of interphase!

1. The cell cycle is : a. the division of a cell b. the growth of a cell c. the death of a cell d. both A and B 2. Which stage of interphase is DNA replicated? a. G1 b. S c. G2 d. G3 3. Which of the following does not occur in interphase? a. metabolic processes b. growth c. cell division d. replication of cytoplasmic organelles

Cell Division  Mitosis  Happens in ALL cells.  Short amount of time (≥5%)  Occurs when cell reaches max size  Four Major Stages: Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase

Prophase (Early)  First Phase  Longest Phase  Chromatin coils up to visible chromosomes  Contains duplicate sister chromatid Held together by centromeres Each are exact copies

 Prophase (Early)  Nucleus begins to disappear  Nucleolus and nuclear envelope disintegrate

 Prophase (Late)  Nucleolus and nuclear envelope are gone  Centrioles Normally outside of nucleus Now migrate to opposite ends of cell Involved in Chromatid separation  Spindle and Spindle Fibers form Football Shape, Cage like structures Fibers extend from them Vital role in Chromatid separation

 Metaphase---Second Phase  Doubled Chromosomes attach to spindle fibers by their centromeres  Chromosomes are pulled to the middle of the cell  Each sister chromotid is attached to its own fiber which will pull them to different sides of the cell Ensures that each new cell receives an identical and complete set of chromosomes.

 Anaphase---3 rd phase  Separation of sister chromatids begins  Centromeres split  Chromatid pairs separate Pulled apart by the shortening of the microtubules in the spindle fibers

 Telophase---4 th Phase  Chromatids reach opposite poles of the cell  Changes made in prophase are reversed Chromosomes unwind Start metabolic processes Spindle Fibers break down Nucleolus reforms Nuclear envelope forms

Fill in where “Mitosis” belongs along with the four stages!

In which stage of mitosis are the chromosomes pulled to the middle of the cell? a. Prophase b. Metaphase c. Anaphase d. Telophase In which stage of mitosis do the spindle and spindle fibers form? a. Prophase b. Metaphase c. Anaphase d. Telophase

1. In which stage of mitosis do the sister chromatids split? a. Prophase b. Metaphase c. Anaphase d. Telophase 2. In which stage of mitosis do the nucleolus and nuclear envelope reappear? a. Prophase b. Metaphase c. Anaphase d. Telophase

 Dividing of cytoplasm  Occurs after telophase  Different in plants and animals  Animals Plasma membrane pinches in along the equator Proteins under plasma membrane contract and slide past each other Continue to contract until cell in pinched in two  Plants Plasma membrane does not pinch in Cell plate is laid down across the cells equator New membrane forms around each cell Cell wall forms on each side of the plate

 Animal  Plant

Fill in the concept map where “Cytokinesis” belongs!

 Genetic continuity  Growth and Repair  Two new daughter cells with identical chromosome sets  Unicellular organisms multiplied  Multicellular organisms growth and reproduction results in tissues..organs…organ systems…survival of organism.  Work together to perform a specific function

2n Parent Cell Daughter Cells

 9QB0