The Cell and it’s Parts! Cool Intro from You Tube Cool Intro from You Tube

The Cell Theory 1. All living things are composed of cells 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things 3. New cells are produced from existing cells

Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes Prokaryotes Have cell membrane Have cell membrane Have cytoplasm Have cytoplasm DNA is free floating in cytoplasm DNA is free floating in cytoplasm NO NUCLEUS NO NUCLEUS Bacteria! Bacteria!Eukaryotes Have cell membrane Have cell membrane Have cytoplasm Have cytoplasm DNA is contained DNA is contained IN NUCLEUS IN NUCLEUS Have organelles Have organelles Specialized structures with specific functions Specialized structures with specific functions

Voyage inside the Cell Membrane! Voyage inside the Cell Membrane!

Organelles found in Eukaryotes Cell Membrane: LIPID BI-LAYER!!! Cell Membrane: LIPID BI-LAYER!!! Functions: Functions: Controls movement in and out of cell Controls movement in and out of cell Receives signals from other cells (in multicellular orgs) Receives signals from other cells (in multicellular orgs) Found in: Found in: All cells All cells Cytoplasm: Cytoplasm: Function: Function: Site of chemical reactions Site of chemical reactions Contained by cell membrane Contained by cell membrane Found in: Found in: All cells All cells Cell Wall Cell Wall Function: Function: Provides support Provides support Found in: Found in: Plants and Fungi Plants and Fungi Surrounds cell membrane Surrounds cell membrane

The Nucleus The Nucleus

Organelles found in Eukaryotes Nucleus Nucleus Function : Function : Contains DNA (chromatin) Contains DNA (chromatin) “Control center” of cell “Control center” of cell Surrounded by Nuclear membrane Surrounded by Nuclear membrane Nucleolus: Nucleolus: Center of nucleus Center of nucleus Site of ribosome synthesis Site of ribosome synthesis Found in: Found in: All eukaryotic cells All eukaryotic cells

Ribosomes:

Organelles found in Eukaryotes Ribosomes Ribosomes Function: Function: Site of protein synthesis Site of protein synthesis “Little dots” “Little dots” Found in: Found in: All eukaryotic cells All eukaryotic cells Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Function: Function: Assembly of cell parts and transport Assembly of cell parts and transport “Smooth” has no ribosomes “Smooth” has no ribosomes “Rough” has ribosomes on surface “Rough” has ribosomes on surface Found in: Found in: All eukaryotic cells All eukaryotic cells

Endoplasmic Reticulum:

Organelles found in Eukaryotes Golgi Apparatus Golgi Apparatus Function: Function: Proteins are packaged and shipped here Proteins are packaged and shipped here Found in: Found in: All eukaryotic cells All eukaryotic cells Lysosomes Lysosomes Function: Function: Contain enzymes that break down things Contain enzymes that break down things Found in: Found in: Heterotrophic cells Heterotrophic cells

Golgi Apparatus:

Mitochondria:

Organelles found in Eukaryotes Mitochondria Mitochondria Function : Function : Site of cellular respiration Site of cellular respiration Releasing energy from food Releasing energy from food “Powerhouse” of cell “Powerhouse” of cell Found in: Found in: All eukaryotic cells All eukaryotic cells Vacuole Vacuole Function: Function: Empty space used for storage Empty space used for storage Much LARGER in plant cells…WHY? Much LARGER in plant cells…WHY? Need to store water and starch Need to store water and starch Found in: Found in: All eukaryotic cells All eukaryotic cells

Plant Cells: Cell Wall and Vacuole

Organelle found only in Autotrophs! (Plants and some Protists) Chloroplast Chloroplast Function: Function: Site of photosynthesis Site of photosynthesis Uses sun’s energy and water to make food! Uses sun’s energy and water to make food! Found in: Found in: Plant cells, and some Protists Plant cells, and some Protists

Chloroplast:

A Typical Animal Cell

A Typical Plant Cell

Vacuole Microfilament Centrioles Microtuble Lysosome

Answers: 1. Vacuole 1. Vacuole 2. Microfilament 2. Microfilament 3. Nuclear Membrane 3. Nuclear Membrane 4. Nuclear Pore 4. Nuclear Pore 5. Nucleolus 5. Nucleolus 6. Nucleus 6. Nucleus 7. Centrioles 7. Centrioles 8. Microtuble 8. Microtuble 9. Mitochondria 9. Mitochondria 10. Smooth “ER” 10. Smooth “ER” 11. Cell Membrane 11. Cell Membrane 12. Ribosomes 12. Ribosomes 13. Golgi Apparatus 13. Golgi Apparatus 14. Cytoplasm 14. Cytoplasm 15. Lysosome 15. Lysosome 16. Rough “ER” 16. Rough “ER”

Let’s compare Animal and Plant cells Plant Cell BOTH Animal and Plant cell: Cell Membrane, Cytoplasm, Nucleus, Mitochondria, Ribosomes, ER, Golgi Lysosomes Small Vacuoles Round in shape Cell Wall Chloroplasts Large Vacuole Square in shape Animal Cell