CELLS

LEARNING OBJECTIVES 4. I know that cells are the basic unit of all life and I can describe the functions that cells/life forms must carry out. 5. I know that single-celled organisms have parts to help them carry out all of life’s functions. 7. I know that plant and animal cells have parts in common and parts that are different in order to carry out life functions. 8. I can use a diagram or model to explain the difference between plant and animal cells.

CELLS Cells are the smallest unit of LIFE! They are the building blocks of LIVING things. No matter if an organism has ONE cell or many, they share the same basic parts.

Inside the cell, are structures (parts) called ORGANELLES (means “little organs”) Each organelle has a certain function (job) to do.

***We are only learning about the basic organelles; there are others which you might hear about in the reading and activities but you will not be tested on those.

Fill in the Table as we go Cell part is given, Write in any functions Note the pictures that go with each part

CYTOPLASM CYTOPLASM GEL- like material inside the cell. Mostly water CELL PART JOB/FUNCTION Picture CYTOPLASM   GEL- like material inside the cell. Mostly water The other organelles “float” in cytoplasm “Cyto” means cell “-plasm” means jelly

CELL MEMBRANE “GATEKEEPER”—controls what goes in and out of the cell. CELL PART JOB/FUNCTION Picture CELL MEMBRANE   “GATEKEEPER”—controls what goes in and out of the cell.

NUCLEUS NUCLEUS Directs all cell ACTIVITIES CELL PART JOB/FUNCTION Picture NUCLEUS    Directs all cell ACTIVITIES Contains DNA (instructions for cell) Largest organelle “boss” of other organelles

NUCLEOLUS CELL PART JOB/FUNCTION Picture NUCLEOLUS    Helps to make protein; dark spot found inside the nucleus

CHROMATIN CELL PART JOB/FUNCTION Picture CHROMATIN    AKA: DNA Found in the nucleus; contains genes or instructions for cell’s activities

MITOCHONDRIA Releases ENERGY in the cell; “POWERHOUSE” CELL PART JOB/FUNCTION Picture MITOCHONDRIA    Releases ENERGY in the cell; “POWERHOUSE” Performs cellular respiration

GOLGI BODIES CELL PART JOB/FUNCTION Picture GOLGI BODIES    Nicknamed “UPS”; packages and ships substances made in the cell

LYSOSOMES LYSOSOMES digests wastes “garbage disposal” Picture CELL PART JOB/FUNCTION Picture LYSOSOMES    digests wastes “garbage disposal”

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM CELL PART JOB/FUNCTION Picture ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM    pathway for moving materials through cell “expressway” Usually found near the nucleus

RIBOSOMES RIBOSOMES MAKE PROTEIN Some are stuck on the E.R. Picture CELL PART JOB/FUNCTION Picture RIBOSOMES    MAKE PROTEIN Some are stuck on the E.R.

CHLOROPLAST Found in PLANT CELLS only!!! CELL PART JOB/FUNCTION Picture CHLOROPLAST   Found in PLANT CELLS only!!! Converts SOLAR (SUN) ENERGY into cell energy.

CELL WALL CELL WALL Found in plants ONLY! CELL PART JOB/FUNCTION Picture CELL WALL   Found in plants ONLY! OUTER SUPPORT structure; made of cellulose.

VACUOLES CELL PART JOB/FUNCTION Picture VACUOLES   Stores WATER, food, and waste products. Usually larger in PLANTS.

What are the two parts plant cells have that animal cells do not have? Cell Walls Chloroplasts Clip

Cells on the light microscope

Plant Cells on the light microscope

Cells are Systems! Individual cells are SYSTEMS because they have PARTS that work together to do a certain JOB.

Cells are Systems! What are some INPUTS? Food, water, oxygen, light (plant cells) What are some OUTPUTS?  waste, CO2, water, chemical/thermal energy   Open or Closed? Why? Open because MATTER (molecules) can go IN/OUT of the cell membrane

Cell Structures by Brainpop

Types of Cells Clip http://player. discoveryeducation. com/index. cfm Types of Cells Clip http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=E6390CC7-8BFC-4B48-94E2-C89F0A4638CA&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US (~6 min)