2015 WORLD BANK CONFERENCE ON LAND AND POVERTY «THE INTEGRATION OF LAND TENURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL GEOSPATIAL DATA IN SUPPORT OF LAND ADMINISTRATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT» Moschos Vogiatzis Director of Forest Mapping & Natural Environment National Cadastre & Mapping Agency of Greece N.C.M.A. The World Bank - Washington DC March 23-27, 2015

Introduction Reducing the administrative burden to business “Licensing procedures, including land-zoning, are complex. Simplifying procedures through, for instance, greater use of e-government needs to be encouraged” (Joint Document of Co-operation between OECD and Greece, March 2015) N.C.M.A. The World Bank - Washington DC March 23-27, 2015

The problem  Multiple public agencies and departments are mutually involved in land transactions with crossed responsibilities and jurisdictions over land: Parcel-based Information Deed Registration Land Title Forest/ non Forest Natura2000 site/non Ministry of Justice Ministry of Justice Local Government Ministry of Internal Affairs Ministry of Internal Affairs or Ministry of Environment Cadastre Office (established & supported by NCMA) Register Office Directorate of Land Policy (for distributed lands) General Secretariat of Regional Administration/ Forest Service General Secretariat of Regional Administration or Management Body of Natura2000 site N.C.M.A. The World Bank - Washington DC March 23-27, 2015

The problem 23-25/03/2015 N.C.M.A. The World Bank - Washington DC March 23-27, 2015 Institutional land inventory and assessment are still pending, such as the definite and systematic delineation of forestlands, the update and monitoring of protected areas (Natura2000 sites) The administration favors the circumstantial confirmation whether a land parcel or area is forest/non forest or part of a protected area, a practice that deprives environmental protection. Thus: a.The State has forestlands but not titles, b.Citizens have lands but not titles or c.Citizens might have both the land and title but under restricted use.  This situation does not promote transparency in land administration and definitely does not generate the circumstances for building a land market.

Land Information and Development Land development and investments is crucial for Greece. Citizens, professionals, investors require secure and authorized integrated land information about their own lands or lands on which may invest. Public administration needs authorized spatial information to improve land administration, land policy and decision-making. Cadastre real property information on its own is not sufficient to respond to land market demands. Detailed assessment and update of forestlands and Natura 2000 sites, provide critical information over lands and facilitate licensing procedures. Both are ruled by special law provisions which bound land development. N.C.M.A. The World Bank - Washington DC March 23-27, 2015

The National Cadastre of Greece N.C.M.A. the leading Greek government company for the development and operation of the National Cadastre at national scale, aims to a modern, spatially enabled, uniform, digital Cadastre System regarding the ownership status of all the real properties of the country, overseen and guaranteed by the State. The Cadastre System of Greece combines Cadastre and Land Register.  Under development - Expected to be completed till  104 Cadastral Offices in operation. N.C.M.A. The World Bank - Washington DC March 23-27, 2015

Extract of Cadastral Diagram N.C.M.A. The World Bank - Washington DC March 23-27, 2015

Major Initiatives (Forest Maps) At the development stage of National Cadastre, N.C.M.A. is responsible for the development of Forest Maps at the national level. The Forest Map aims to: 1. Assessment and environmental protection of forestlands and 2. Identify and promote state property rights on forestlands through cadastral process. Rationale: 60% of Greece is forestlands. Most of forestlands owned by the State. Greece lacks a Forest Registry. Land development within forestlands is restricted. Land use change is prohibited by a series of law. N.C.M.A. The World Bank - Washington DC March 23-27, 2015

Major Initiatives (Forest Maps) Forestlands have not been yet delineated in a systematic and scientific way and overall, in a definite way. The Forest Service has declared inability to develop Forest Maps on its own. Absence of authorized Forest Maps in Greece over the years has raised many issues regarding land administration, state-private property rights and eventually sustainable management of forestlands. Cadastre comprises of all land properties. Cadastre successful development requires accurate and documented information on forest lands. Authorized Forest Maps is the ultimate goal. N.C.M.A. The World Bank - Washington DC March 23-27, 2015

The Forest Map Δ: Forestlands, A : Other Lands N.C.M.A. The World Bank - Washington DC March 23-27, 2015

Cadastral Forest Mapping Progress in Greece (2015) LEGEND Areas with completed Forest Maps (22.5%) Areas under implementation (32,5%) Areas with no Forest Maps (45,2%) Authorized Forest Maps (0,5%) N.C.M.A. The World Bank - Washington DC March 23-27, 2015

Major Initiatives (Natura2000) Goal: Update and monitoring of terrestrial Natura2000 protected sites and habitats at the national level. Zoning and Licensing issues: 16,2% of Greece has been designated as Natura2000 terrestrial site. Land fragmentation is limited, Dangerous industrial installations or installations which produce noise pollution as defined according to the law are prohibited, Agricultural and livestock activities are restricted, Development and allocation of new construction projects is permitted in the absence of other alternative and for reasons pertaining to urgent public and social interest. N.C.M.A. The World Bank - Washington DC March 23-27, 2015

The Vision for an Integrated Environmental Cadastre The Greek Cadastre System based on fixed boundary system and a common reference system, provides currently information exclusively on real property (parcels, owners, rights and titles/deeds). The Greek Cadastre System has the potential to integrate other types of land data and provide all facts about land (Statement 1 of Cadastre 2014) The Greek Cadastre System can and should evolve to a multipurpose cadastre to face effectively the existing deficit in land administration, and support sustainable development. N.C.M.A. The World Bank - Washington DC March 23-27, 2015

The Multipurpose Cadastre Approach * Based on work of Williamson I.P., Enemark S., Wallace J. and Rajabifard A., Land Administration for Sustainable Development, ESRI Press Academic, Redlands, California, 497 pp. N.C.M.A. The World Bank - Washington DC March 23-27, 2015

Architecture of Integrated Environmental Cadastre N.C.M.A. The World Bank - Washington DC March 23-27, 2015

Geospatial Interface of Operative Cadastre System N.C.M.A. The World Bank - Washington DC March 23-27, 2015

Extract of Cadastral Diagram for Natura2000 N.C.M.A. The World Bank - Washington DC March 23-27, 2015

Benefits of Integrated Environmental Cadastre Main benefits are: Improved administration of State lands, Improved quality of land information and service, Provide secure and update land information, Provide legal security, and Provide spatial data and information access and dissemination. and thus: Support environmental protection and monitoring, Promote sustainable development of land, and Secure and increase investments in land. N.C.M.A. The World Bank - Washington DC March 23-27, 2015

Issues and Discussion The Greek Land Administration needs a radical reform. Cadastre should be the core of a land administration system. Authorized land spatial information is the key element for spatial planning, transparent land administration, and sustainable development. The current operative cadastre should be expanded and provide integrated land information. The proposed approach based on cadastral data along with environmental information will be the pioneer initiative for a real structural reform. N.C.M.A. The World Bank - Washington DC March 23-27, 2015

Issues and Discussion NCMA has the potential (infrastructure, experience, data, etc.) to support the proposed land administration reform but needs Legislature amendments have already been passed to set up the institutional framework and accelerate implementation: 1.Authorization of Forest Maps (Law No. 4164/2013). 2. Habitats (Law No. 3937/2011). 3.Additional services through cadastral offices (Law No. 2664/1998). Application of the proposed approach will result in additional revenues to support maintenance and operations. It is the Government responsibility to enforce this process for “public good”. N.C.M.A. The World Bank - Washington DC March 23-27, 2015