URINARY DISORDERS

RENAL CALCULI (Kidney Stone) Made of crystals of calcium phosphate and uric acid Gradually they grow larger until they block the ureter First symptom – severe pain Other symptoms – nausea and vomiting, urine frequency, chills, fever, and hematuria

RENAL CALCULI (KIDNEY STONES Diagnosis – by symptoms, utlrasound, or x-ray Rx – increase fluids to flush out stones, medications, and if needed - LITHOTRIPSY

LITHROTRIPSY Surgical procedure to remove kidney stones Shock waves hit dense stones and break them up Done on outpatient basis                                                     

Cystitis Inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the urinary bladder Most common cause – E.Coli Symptoms = DYSURIA (painful urination) and frequency Usually in females (shorter urethra) Rx - antibiotics

Nephritis Inflammation of the kidney (kidney infection)

Incontinence Involuntary urination

Dialysis Used for kidney failure Involves the passage of blood through a device with semipermeable membrane Dialysis serves as a substitute kidney

Hemodialysis Blood from patient flows through machine and its filtered Usually a FISTULA is created (opening between vein and artery) for inserting needles Can be done at home or in clinic Takes 2-4 hours, 2-3 times a week

Peritoneal Dialysis Uses the peritoneal lining to filter blood Dialysate (cleaning solution) flows in and out via a catheter tube

Kidney Transplant Done as a last resort Involves donor organ from someone with a similar immune system Main complication - rejection

Urinary Conditions ENURESIS - bedwetting GLYCOSURIA – sugar in urine NOCTURIA – frequent urination at night Hematuria – blood in urine

More Urinary Conditons Polyuria—large amounts of urine Anuria—no urine is produced Oliguria—small or scant amount of urine—early sign of kidney failure Pyuria—pus in the urine

Diuretic Also called “fluid pill” Drug or substance to increase urine production