1 Hypertension Overview

2 Leading Risks For Death (World Health Organization 2002) Cholesterol Alcohol HYPERTENSION Tobacco use Overweight

3 W hat Is Blood Pressure? Blood pressure is the amount of force on the walls of the arteries as the blood circulates around the body.

4 The upper number is when the heart beats (Systolic Blood Pressure SBP) The lower number is when the heart relaxes (Diastolic Blood Pressure DBP) What Do The Numbers Mean?

5 Measured in mm Hg (millimeters of mercury) e.g. 124/82 mm Hg  Systolic=124 mm Hg  Diastolic= 82 mm Hg

6 What is Hypertension ? It is also called High Blood Pressure (HBP) Hypertension is a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg or greater

7 Blood pressure category Optimal<120and<80 Normal<130and <85 High normal130–139 or85–89 Hypertension Stage 1140–159 or90–99 Stage 2160–179or100–109 Stage or Stage 4>209or>119 Optimal<120and<80 Normal<130and <85 High normal130–139 or85–89 Hypertension Stage 1140–159 or90–99 Stage 2160–179or100–109 Stage or Stage 4>209or>119 Blood pressure (mmHg) Systolic Diastolic Classification of Blood Pressure for Adults

8 What Causes HYPERTENSION ? 95% ‘not known’ Genetics 40% Environment 60% (lifestyle) 5% underlying disease

9 Your Lifestyle Can Raise Your Blood Pressure Sedentary lifestyle Unhealthy diet Too little fresh fruit, fresh vegetables and low fat dairy products Too much salt (sodium) and saturated fats Being overweight Excess alcohol Stress

10 Hypertension Is More Common in Older People Men - Women -

11 Unaware of their hypertension Not treated and not controlled Treated and not controlled Treated and controlled 22% of Adults Have Hypertension 16% 42% 23% 19%

12 Untreated Hypertension Can Cause: Atherosclerosis Strokes Dementia Heart failure Kidney failure Poor circulation – impotence, leg cramps when walking Premature death Re Pressure related damage Strokes Heart failure Kidney failure Confusion Premature death

13 Why Do Some People Develop Heart Disease or Stroke, while Others Don’t? There are several risks that cause heart attacks and strokes The more risks and the higher the risks, the greater the chance of developing heart disease or stroke More than 9 in 10 People with hypertension have other risks of developing heart disease and stroke

14 Cardiovascular Risks High blood pressure Smoking High cholesterol Diabetes or high blood sugar Low physical activity Stress Obesity Diet Excess alcohol consumption

15 The Benefits of Treating Hypertension Heart attackby 15% Heart failureby 50% Strokeby 38% Deathby 10% a decrease of 10/5 mm Hg:

16 How Low Should Your BP Be? Most people: Less than 140/90 mm Hg when measured at the doctor’s office Less than 135/85 mm Hg when measured at home Diabetes or kidney disease Less than 130/80 mm Hg when measured at the doctor’s office

17 8 Ways to Help Control Hypertension 1. Eat a healthy diet 2. Active for at least 45 minutes 4-5 times a week 3. Control your weight 4. Limit daily alcohol to 2 drinks or less 5. Cut back on salt and processed food 6. Don’t smoke 7. Check your BP at home 8. Take time to relax

18 Drugs for Hypertension

19 Classes of Drugs  Diuretics  Beta-Blockers  ACE inhibitors  Calcium channel blockers  Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB’s)  Alpha blockers  Miscellaneous

20 If Medication Is Not Taken As Directed BP may not be controlled Doctor may prescribe another drug or increase dosage since they might think the first one didn’t work Side effects may be more troublesome An adverse reaction or event may result

21 If Medication Is Not Taken As Directed Too much medicine (Side effects) Therapeutic zone Too little medicine Time Drug Concentration

22 Self measurement of BP

23 Summary Hypertension is a common cause of disability and death Hypertension can be prevented and treated by changes in lifestyle Problems caused by hypertension may be helped by drug therapy

24 Hypertension questions 1. A blood pressure greater than 140 over 90 (140/90 mmHg) is generally considered too high. TRUE FALSE

25 Hypertension questions 2. You can usually tell if your blood pressure is too high by the way you feel. TRUE FALSE

26 Hypertension questions 3. Having one elevated blood pressure reading means than you have high blood pressure. TRUE FALSE

27 Hypertension questions 4. High blood pressure (sometimes called hypertension) is a major risk factor for heart disease. TRUE FALSE

28 Hypertension questions 5. The following lifestyle factors can help to treat and control high blood pressure: · Weight control or having a healthy weight · Regular exercise · Eating a healthy diet · Restricting alcohol intake TRUE FALSE

29 Hypertension questions 6. Smoking can cause high blood pressure. TRUE FALSE

30 Hypertension questions 7. Generally, people who do not have high blood pressure should have their blood pressure checked every 3 to 4 years. TRUE FALSE

31 Hypertension questions 9. If you are being treated for high blood pressure you will need to stay on treatment the rest of your life. TRUE FALSE