By: Ronisha Howard Maryam Mahmood A1 THYROID & PARATHYROID GLAND

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Functions Importance Glands that produce endocrine secretions, helps to integrate and control bodily metabolic activity, and include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, islets of Langerhans, ovaries, and testes Maintains Homeostasis

THE THYROID GLAND It’s located below your larynx around your trachea Consists of two lobes, it’s the posterior portion of your neck

THE PARATHYROID GLAND Located on the anterior side the thyroid, four little bumps. By the trachea

 Posterior portion of the neck(Thyroid)  Front of the trachea's 2nd, 3rd, and 4th C-shaped  The Parathyroid located on the anterior portion of the thyroid LOCATION & DIAGRAM

Function: Thyroid gland is to concentrate iodine from the blood to make thyroid hormone. Role: After being secreted it stop to each and every cell and see if the cell needs more oxygen or nutrients (1:42) ROLE AND FUNCTION

 Para follicular Cells  Calcitonin and Parathyroid Hormones  Works to help keep your body calcium level in balance  Follicular Cells  Thyroxine(T4)  Four atoms of Iodine  Triiodothyronine(T3)  Three atoms of Iodine WHAT HORMONES ARE SECRETED IN THESE GLANDS?

 Iodine is a chemical element with symbol I and atomic number 53. The name is from Greek ἰ οειδής ioeidēs, meaning violet or purple, due to the color of elemental iodine vapor  Symbol: I  Electron configuration: Kr 4d10 5s2 5p5  Atomic number: 53  Boiling point: 363.7°F (184.3°C)  Atomic mass: u  Discoverer: Bernard Courtois IODINE

 Calcitonin is a 32-amino acid linear polypeptide hormone that is produced in humans primarily by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid, and in many other animals in the ultimobranchial body  Drugs in class: Calcitonin salmon CALCITONIN

 Symptoms  fracture bone before learning that they have the disease.  Pain/ Loss of height  What is osteoporosis disease  It’s a disease in which bones become fragile and more likely to fracture. Usually the bone loses density, which measures the amount of calcium and minerals in the bone.  Treatments  Lifestyle changes, such as diet and exercise  Taking calcium and vitamin D  Using medicines OSTEOPOROSIS DISEASES

 What is Goiter  A goiter can occur in a gland that is producing too much hormone  A goiter indicates there is a condition present which is causing the thyroid to grow abnormally.  Symptoms  Abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland(neck)  Treatments (depends on which hypo/hyper)  Supplementation given by mouth  Radioactive Therapy GOITER DISEASE

 Postpartum" means "after birth" and usually refers to conditions seen in the mother after giving birth, such as postpartum depression. - postpartum thyroiditis is seen in approximately 1 in 20 women after childbirth, and usually resolves itself. It begins with a period of hyperthyroidism ends. In some women, it does not get better in time, and they must receive treatment for hypothyroidism for the rest of their lives.  The thyroid gland is supplied by two arteries, the superior thyroid artery branches from the external carotid artery, and the inferior thyroid artery branches from the subclavian artery  The thyroid gland is actually named for its position on the thyroid cartilage, which forms the Adam's Apple  Also called the laryngeal prominence (Adam’s Apple)  The thyroid cartilage in turn gets its name for the Greek for "shield" referring to its shape. FUN FACTS

  ource=web&cd=1&ved=0CCsQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww. thyroid.org%2F&ei=fBIuUs6pC8yAygHcvIGAAg&usg=AFQjCNGw 6El2qMKYW3rC59KeZ48389GX3Q&bvm=bv ,d.aWc ource=web&cd=1&ved=0CCsQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww. thyroid.org%2F&ei=fBIuUs6pC8yAygHcvIGAAg&usg=AFQjCNGw 6El2qMKYW3rC59KeZ48389GX3Q&bvm=bv ,d.aWc  ource=web&cd=2&ved=0CDUQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fthyro idhelp.org%2F&ei=fBIuUs6pC8yAygHcvIGAAg&usg=AFQjCNF7X cvL1QZ2d_-K0K6HOg1NFDAHVQ ource=web&cd=2&ved=0CDUQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fthyro idhelp.org%2F&ei=fBIuUs6pC8yAygHcvIGAAg&usg=AFQjCNF7X cvL1QZ2d_-K0K6HOg1NFDAHVQ   Hole’s essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology by David Shier/ Jackie Butler / Ricki Lewis BIBLIOGRAPHY

 What are the two cell kinds the Thyroid gland is made of?  What is the disease Hyperthyroidisms caused by?  What are the two type of glands we talked about through our entire presentation, and where are they located ? QUESTIONS'