IIT JODHPUR PRESENTS WATER FROM WATER 2 nd Inter IIT Tech Meet – Social Impact

PROBLEM

PRESENT SCENARIO RURAL POPULATION MILLION RURAL POPULATION MILLION WATERBORNE DISEASES WATERBORNE DISEASES MILLION AFFECTED, 1.5 MILLION CHILDREN DIE OF DIARRHOEA -73 MILLION WORKING DAYS LOST RESULTING ECONOMIC BURDEN 600$ MILLION A YEAR -66 MILLION (EXCESS FLUORIDE), 10 MILLION (EXCESS ARSENIC) IN GROUNDWATER CONSTITUTION OF INDIA - ARTICLE TH PLAN – RS.1105 MILLION SPENT 2nd Inter IIT Tech Meet – Social Impact

PARAMETERS FOR SALINE WATER 2 nd Inter IIT Tech Meet – Social Impact

APPROACH APPROACH 2nd Inter IIT Tech Meet – Social Impact

SOME DESALINATION FACTS 2nd Inter IIT Tech Meet – Social Impact

WHAT IS THIS? 2nd Inter IIT Tech Meet – Social Impact Similar to Hydrologic Cycle

DRAW BACKS OF THE EXISTING STILLS EFFICIENCY. EFFICIENCY. COST OF A SOLAR STILL WHICH PRODUCES REASONABLE AMOUNT OF PURIFIED WATER IS HIGH. COST OF A SOLAR STILL WHICH PRODUCES REASONABLE AMOUNT OF PURIFIED WATER IS HIGH. LOSS OF THERMAL ENERGY. LOSS OF THERMAL ENERGY. 2nd Inter IIT Tech Meet – Social Impact

WHY OUR MODEL THE EQUATIONS GOVERNING THE HEAT TRANSFER RATES ARE: A. CONDUCTION Q = - K A DT / DX B. CONVECTION Q = H A ( T SURFACE - T AMBIENT ) AMOUNT OF SOLAR ENERGY FROM THE SUM : AMOUNT OF SOLAR ENERGY FROM THE SUM : E = S X AREA S = SOLAR CONSTANT (1.3KW/M 2 ) 2nd Inter IIT Tech Meet – Social Impact

PRINCIPLE “A LIQUID AT HIGH-PRESSURE HAS A HIGHER BOILING POINT THAN WHEN THAT LIQUID IS AT ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE”.PRESSURE THE CLAUSIUS-CLAPEYRON EQUATION :CLAUSIUS-CLAPEYRON EQUATION FOR PURE WATER : T b = inverse( ( (R*ln(P o ) )\ H vap ) +(1/T o ) ) 2nd Inter IIT Tech Meet – Social Impact

BOILING POINT ELEVATION “A SOLUTION HAS A HIGHER BOILING POINT THAN A PURE SOLVENT WITH NON VOLATILE SOLUTE “SOLUTION RAOULT'S LAW Tb = Kb * MOLALITY Kb = R*Sq (T B )*M/ H vap Tb = Kb * MOLALITY Kb = R*Sq (T B )*M/ H vap MOLALITY OF FLOURISIS AFFECTED WATER = 0.79 MOL/KG MOLALITY OF FLOURISIS AFFECTED WATER = 0.79 MOL/KG HENCE THE ACTUAL BOILING POINT CAN BE CALCULATED BY THE COMBINATION OF BOTH THE LAWS HENCE THE ACTUAL BOILING POINT CAN BE CALCULATED BY THE COMBINATION OF BOTH THE LAWS T B = T b + T b T B = T b + T b IF BOILING POINT IS BROUGHT TO 60 DEGREES CELCIUS, THEN VAPOUR PRESSURE IS OBTAINED FROM THE ABOVE LAWS AS 20K PASCALS 2nd Inter IIT Tech Meet – Social Impact

FEW ASSUMPTIONS 1. THE SYSTEM WILL SERVE A FAMILY OF 5 AVERAGE REQUIREMENT OF WATER PER PERSON IN A HOUSE IS ASSUMED TO BE AROUND 1.5LITERS/DAY. THIS GIVES THE TOTAL WATER CONSUMPTION TO BE AROUND 7.5 LITERS/DAY. ALSO CONSIDERING THE REQUIREMENT FOR COOKING WE ROUGHLY EVALUATE NET WATER CONSUMPTION PER HOUSEHOLD IS AROUND 30 LITERS/DAY. THE SOLAR CONSTANT EQUALS 1.3 KW/M2 BUT OWING TO LOSSES INCURRED WHILE PASSING THROUGH ATMOSPHERE WE CAN CONSIDER THE SOLAR IRRADIATION TO BE 1KW/M2 2nd Inter IIT Tech Meet – Social Impact

APERTURE AREA CALCULATION ENERGY REQUIRED FOR CONVERSION OF 30 LITERS OF WATER TO VAPOUR E = M*s* T + M* Lvap E = M*s* T + M* Lvap M* Lvap IS REUSED BY THE SYSTEM M* Lvap IS REUSED BY THE SYSTEM HENCE THE AREA CAN BE CALCULATED BY HENCE THE AREA CAN BE CALCULATED BY M* s* T * 0.2 = 1.3 * A M* s* T * 0.2 = 1.3 * A M = 30 KG M = 30 KG S= 4.2 KJ/DEGREE S= 4.2 KJ/DEGREE T = BOILING TEMPERATURE – ROOM TEMPERATURE = 60-30= 30 DEGREES. SUBSTITUTING THE ABOVE VALUES WE GET AREA OF APERTURE TO BE 0.61 sq.m. T = BOILING TEMPERATURE – ROOM TEMPERATURE = 60-30= 30 DEGREES. SUBSTITUTING THE ABOVE VALUES WE GET AREA OF APERTURE TO BE 0.61 sq.m. 2nd Inter IIT Tech Meet – Social Impact

DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS 2nd Inter IIT Tech Meet – Social Impact

1. INLET CONTAINER USED TO STORE FEED WATER USED TO STORE FEED WATER CONTAINS NATURAL PURIFYING AGENTS MADE OF COCONUT HUSK CONTAINS NATURAL PURIFYING AGENTS MADE OF COCONUT HUSK CONNECTED TO INLET PIPE CONNECTED TO INLET PIPE 2nd Inter IIT Tech Meet – Social Impact

2.SOLAR STILL MADE OF ALUMINUM SHEET OF 6MM GAUGE. MADE OF ALUMINUM SHEET OF 6MM GAUGE. “ ALUMINUM IS RESISTIVE TO MANY KINDS OF CORROSIONS AS IT INSTANTLY” INLET AND OUTLET PIPES INLET AND OUTLET PIPES NON RETURNING VALVE TO REDUCE PRESSURE. NON RETURNING VALVE TO REDUCE PRESSURE. TEMPERED GLASS : TEMPERED GLASS : 1.HAD VERY GOOD STRENGTH AND GOOD AMOUNT OF THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY. 2.COVERED AT A CERTAIN ANGLE AND NOT IN CONTACT WITH OUTLET PIPE. 3.SYSTEM SHOULD BE AIR TIGHT 2nd Inter IIT Tech Meet – Social Impact

VACUUM PUMP DESIGNED A COST EFFICIENT VACUUM PUMP AS COMMERCIAL VACUUM PUMPS ARE VERY COSTLY DESIGNED A COST EFFICIENT VACUUM PUMP AS COMMERCIAL VACUUM PUMPS ARE VERY COSTLY PRODUCED OUT OF PVC PIPES, WOOD AND TUBE. PRODUCED OUT OF PVC PIPES, WOOD AND TUBE. HAS A CAPACITY TO REMOVE 1LIT OF AIR FOR ONE UP AND DOWN MOTION OF PISTON HAS A CAPACITY TO REMOVE 1LIT OF AIR FOR ONE UP AND DOWN MOTION OF PISTON 2nd Inter IIT Tech Meet – Social Impact

WORKING WATER IN STILL GETS EVAPORATED BY UTILIZING THE ENERGY FROM THE SUN. ONCE VAPOUR GETS INTO CONTACT WITH THE GLASS, IT TURNS INTO LIQUID WATER. AS GLASS IS IN CONTACT WITH THE ATMOSPHERE IT IS MAINTAINED AT LOWER TEMPERATURE THAN THAT OF INSIDE TEMPERATURE. HERE WE ARE USING ANOTHER PROPERTY THAT IS ADHESIVE FORCES BETWEEN GLASS AND WATER WHICH ARE ATTRACTIVE IN NATURE. HENCE WATER COMES ALL ALONG THE SLOPE THROUGH THE GLASS AND FINALLY COLLECTED INTO THE OUTLET PIPE. BY THIS WE GET 99.9% OF PURE DISTILLED WATER. 2nd Inter IIT Tech Meet – Social Impact

EASE OF PRODUCTION USING LOCAL SKILLS FABRICATION OF THE WHOLE UNIT IS PRETTY STRAIGHT FORWARD AND INVOLVES FOLLOWING STEPS METAL CUTTING, WELDING, GLASS CUTTING, SEALING, PAINTING AND DRILLING. METAL CUTTING, WELDING, GLASS CUTTING, SEALING, PAINTING AND DRILLING. ALL THESE PROCESSES CAN BE DONE AT ANY LOCAL WORKSHOP USING SIMPLE MACHINES – LATHE, DRILL, WELDING, MILLING ETC. ALL THESE PROCESSES CAN BE DONE AT ANY LOCAL WORKSHOP USING SIMPLE MACHINES – LATHE, DRILL, WELDING, MILLING ETC. 2nd Inter IIT Tech Meet – Social Impact

DISTILLED WATER CONVERTED AS A DRINKING WATER 2nd Inter IIT Tech Meet – Social Impact

COST ANALYSIS 2nd Inter IIT Tech Meet – Social Impact

ECONOMIC FACTOR FOR THE BULK PRODUCTION ITS COST WILL BE VERY LESS COST OF 1 SETUP = RS 1625 (USED BY 5 PEOPLE) COST OF 1 SETUP = RS 1625 (USED BY 5 PEOPLE) PRODUCE = 20 – 30 LITRE APPROX PRODUCE = 20 – 30 LITRE APPROX IN INDIA 2013 DATA COLLECTION IN INDIA 2013 DATA COLLECTION 62 MILLION PEOPLE SUFFER FROM IMPURE WATER 62 MILLION PEOPLE SUFFER FROM IMPURE WATER TOTAL COST : TOTAL COST : 1625*62* /5 = LESS THAN 2015 CRORE 1625*62* /5 = LESS THAN 2015 CRORE 2nd Inter IIT Tech Meet – Social Impact