Hassan Ali F

 Country Bio  Critical Junctures in Chinese History  The Chinese Political System  Nuts & Bolts of Political System  Central Party Institutions  Trade Deficit between USA and China

 Population: 1.3 Billion (UN census, 2004)  Territory: 3.7 million square miles (a bit larger than the  U.S.)  Year of Independence: 221 B.C.  Year of Current Constitution: 1982  Head of State: President Hu Jintao  Head of Government: Premier Wen Jiabao  Language: Mandarin (official language), Cantonese, Shanghaiese, other dialects, some minority languages  Religion: Daoism, Buddhism, Muslim 2%-3%, Christian 1%. Note: Officially Atheist

 The Qing Dynasty (1611 – 1911)  First Opium War Treaty of Nanjing (1842)  Second Opium War Treaty of Tianjin (1860)  Boxer Rebellion  First Sino – Japanese War (1898)  The Republican Period (1911 – 1949)  Dr. Sun Yat-Sen Three Principles of the People: 1. Nationalism 2. Democracy 3. Livelihood - Founded the Kuomingtang ▪ January 1, 1912  Chiang Kai-Shek Northern Expedition (1926) Extermination Campaign (1927) Fled to Taiwan  Republic of China (Dec. 1,1949)

 The Republican Period (1911 – 1949)  Mao Zedong Maoism Land redistribution Guerilla warfare  The Long March 6,000 mile journey  Second Sino-Japanese War  October 1, 1949  China Under Mao (1949 – 1976) Hundred Flowers Movement (1956) Anti-Rightist Campaign (1957) The Great Leap Forward ( ) The Cultural Revolution (1966) - Red Guards

 The Reform Era (1976 – present) Deng Xiaoping - Four Modernizations - One Child Policy - Tiananmen Square (June 1998) ▪ 2K to 3K dead

Party Political Structures National Party Congress 2120 members Reviews party activities The Central Committee 198 members Directs affairs when NPC is not in session The Politburo Standing Committee The Central Committee for Discipline Ensures party loyalty 2004: 160k members disciplined

 Government Structures National People’s Congress - China’s “legislature” - 3K members  President of PRC - Head of State - 5 year terms (2 max) State Council - Premier  Government Structures The People’s Liberation Army - $90bn/year spending- “Peace Loving Nation” Public Security Bureaus - Re-education through labor - 300k detainees

 One party state- Chinese Communist Party  Rather than being rigidly hierarchical and authoritarian, which is often the assumption, political power in China now is diffuse, complex, and at times highly competitive.  Muscular state government bureaucracy  Another key institution is the People’s Liberation Army Important Concepts  Confucianism  Struggle for National Sovereignty  Struggle for Peasant Livelihood  Hundred Flowers Campaign,  Great Leap Forward”  “One Country, Two Systems”  One Child Policy  Cultural Revolution  Socialist Reform Period  No Political Pluralism

National Party Congress (> 2000)

Central Committee (200) National Party Congress (> 2000)

Politburo (25) Central Committee (200) National Party Congress (> 2000)

Politburo Standing Committee (9) Politburo (25) Central Committee (200) National Party Congress (> 2000)

General Secretary Politburo Standing Committee (9) Politburo (25) Central Committee (200) National Party Congress (> 2000)

CCP General Secretary Standing Committee Politburo Central Committee Provincial Party Committees Local Party Committees

CCP General Secretary National People’s Congress Standing Committee Politburo Central Committee Prime Minister State Council

CCP General Secretary National People’s Congress Standing Committee Politburo Central Committee Prime Minister State Council

CCP General Secretary National People’s Congress Provincial People’s Congresses Local People’s Congresses Standing Committee Politburo Central Committee Provincial Party Committees Local Party Committees Prime Minister State Council Provincial Governments Local Governments

President

 Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS)  Development Research Center of the State Council  Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)  Academy of Military Science  China Institute of International Study  China Institute of Contemporary International Relations (CICIR)  China National Committee for Pacific  Economic Cooperation  China Association for Science and Technology  China International Institute of StrategicSociety  Shanghai Institute for International Studies (SIIS)

 Trade Deficit The trade deficit is when the value of imports is greater than the value of exports.  Imports are defined as goods and services produced in a foreign country and bought by residents.  An export is any good that passes through customs from any country to be sold overseas.

 Economic and trade reforms (begun in 1979) have helped transform China into one of the world’s fastest-growing economies.  Total U.S.- China trade rose from $5 billion in 1980 to $409 billion in  China ranked as the 32nd-largest U.S. export market and its 57th-largest source of U.S. imports.  In 2009, China was the second-largest U.S. trading partner (after Canada), the third-largest U.S. export market (after Canada and Mexico), and the largest source of U.S. imports.

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