Bronchial Asthma

Bronchial Asthma One of the most common chronic diseases. One of the most common cause of absentees in schools. 287000 deaths per year world over In India 7.24% incidence

Bronchial Asthma Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition of respiratory tract with hyper-responsiveness to certain irritants. Reversible broncho-constriction Usually episodic

Risk Factors Prenatal Maternal smoking Passive smoking Stress to mother Use of antibiotics by mother Caesarean section

Risk Factors Childhood Allergens Smoke in environment Passive smoking Exposure to animals and birds Bottle fed kids Family size and domestic conditions Economic status Infections Boys more than girls

Risk Factors Adults Smoking Occupational hazards Repeated respiratory tract infections Allergens Women more than men

Precipitating factors

Pathophysiology

Clinical features Episodic Following upper respiratory tract infections Exposure to allergens Progressive dyspnea Wheezing and rhonchi Cough Chest tightness

Investigations Pulse Oximetry ABGs X-ray Chest Eiosinophilia PEFR Spirometry Skin testing

Mild Asthma

Features of Serious or life threatening Asthma

PEFR(Peak Expiratory Flow Rate)

Morning Dip in PEFR

Treatment

Inhalers

Spacer devices

Nebulizer

Nebulizers

Treatment

Treatment

Managing acute exacerbation

Managing acute exacerbation

Corticosteroid use Inhaler Nebulized Oral Injectible

Antibiotics Oral Injectible NO

Prevention Primary Prevention: Patient awareness & Education Lifestyle modification Secondary Prevention: Avoid precipitating factors Avoid dusting when patient is around Avoid carpets, open book shelves, stuffed toys, paints, chemicals, smoking, brooms Avoid foods containing allergens Maintaining a diary of events, tasks, foods

Silent chest Ventilators Cardiac Asthma