Donald Hester February 9, 2010 For audio call Toll Free and use PIN/code IT Best Practices for Community Colleges Part 1: IT Risk Management

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Donald Hester IT Best Practices for Community Colleges Part 1: IT Risk Management

IT Best Practices for Community Colleges Series 1 Spring 2010 Part 1 Risk Management Part 2 Business Continuity Part 3 Configuration Management Part 4 Awareness Training Series 2 Fall

How do you justify a new firewall? Is it more than you need? Is it less than you need? How does someone outside of IT know it was the right choice? How do you demonstrate due care? 9

Risk: the potential for any loss Asset: something of value Probability: the likelihood of an event Control: something that reduces risk (countermeasure, safeguard) Threat: event that has an undesirable impact, potential danger Vulnerability: weakness Exposure: open to threat Residual risk: risk left over after controls are put in place Acceptable risk: risk accepted by management

Asset Vulnerability Threat Asset Vulnerability Countermeasure

Risk Management: process of reducing risks because it cannot be eliminated Risk Analysis: identify assets and potential losses Risk Assessment: determination of recommended controls that would reduce risk to an acceptable level Vulnerability Assessment: used for the risk analysis, determines vulnerabilities

Process not a goal SDLC (Systems Development Life Cycle) Any change in environment changes your risk level

Managements role Balance cost with operational goals Acceptable levels of risk (risk apatite) Use the risk analysis process for decision- making Cost benefit analysis (ROI) Determine if controls are in place Sign-off forms to take responsibility Risk analysis team

Management can choose how to deal with risk once they have all the information and recommendations. After they have the results form the risk analysis they can determine how they want to mitigate risks. Mitigating risks to an acceptable level. Any risk remaining is residual risk.

Reduce the risk Apply countermeasures and controls (mitigation) Accept the risk Accept the risk with or without controls Transfer the risk Buy insurance (mitigation) Reject the risk Ignore the risks

Purpose 1 st step in Risk Management Ensure that the security program (controls) are adequate and appropriate for the real risks Goals Identify assets Identify risks Connect risks and assets Determine impact Cost vs. benefit Prioritize control selection/implementation

We need to determine what we have, what it is worth, what could happen to it, how often it could happen, what the impact would be if it did happen, so that we could determine what controls should be used based on cost, and document everything we discovered.

Identify assets, determine their value and classify them.

Physical Hardware Buildings Information Data Software Documentation Human Resources Reputation

Acquisition costs Development costs Maintenance costs Value to user, customer Value to enemy Market value (how much someone will pay) Replacement costs Liability Impact to Productivity Usefulness Reputation Operations Competitiveness

Identify the risks associated with the assets. Threat / Vulnerability pare

Physical Loss Theft Environmental Errors and Omissions Humans Software Malfunction Equipment failure Misuse Attacks Internal or External Intentional or unintentional Action or inaction

Impact analysis

Quantitative Formal Numeric Monetary Statistical Qualitative Informal Rating Gut feeling Educated guess Delphi method

Impact What is the asset worth; AV (Asset Value) How bad would it be; EF (Exposure Factor) One time loss; SLE (Single Loss Expectancy) How many times a year; ARO (Annualized Rate of Occurrence) How much loss in a year; ALE (Annualized Loss Expectancy) AV * EF = SLE; SLE * ARO = ALE

Select Risks with the highest probability and the highest impact potential. Meteorite to hit the data center would be a low probability with a high impact Virus would be a high probability with a potential for a high impact

Controls should focus on addressing High probability attack High impact attacks Consistent implementation Automated and continuously monitored Additional technical activities should be used to defend systems Rev1/8/2010

Determine what controls can be used, what the cost associated with each control and recommend controls.

Mitigates the risk ALE before the control ALE after the control Control complexity Cost / Benefit Comparison ROI (Return on Investment) Hidden costs Productivity Maintenance

Limited resources Time Funding Resources Personnel With limited resources choices have to be made about which security controls are most important A prioritized approach in implementing controls is required Prioritized by greatest risk first Rev1/8/2010

How do we prioritize controls Intelligence Knowledge of actual attacks Controls that can prevent know attacks should be given a higher priority A consensus report has been developed to document 20 critical controls Rev1/8/2010

Documentation

Documented Risk Assessment

1.System Characterization 2.Threat Identification 3.Vulnerability Identification 4.Control Analysis 5.Likelihood Determination 6.Impact Analysis 7.Risk Determination 8.Control Recommendation 9.Results Document NIST SP

36 State, local, and tribal governments, as well as private sector organizations, are encouraged to use the guidelines, as appropriate." NIST SP California Information Security Strategic Plan (OCT 2009) "...by adopting the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) guidelines for certification and accreditation of information systems. Applying NIST guidelines to state government systems will demonstrate Californias leadership in building a resilient, secure, and trustworthy digital infrastructure." "Establish a California modified version of the NIST risk management standard as the risk management standard for all state agencies." "Establish a California-modified version of the NIST recommended security controls within all state agencies."

NIST SP Risk Management Guide for IT Systems Information Technology Standards and Practices for Local Governments, September 2007 By Maze & Associates California Information Security Strategic Plan (OCT 2009) Cybersecurity and Privacy Concepts, Strategies & Goals Volume 4 Twenty Critical Controls for Effective Cyber Defense: Consensus Audit Guidelines version 2.1, 11 Aug

Donald E. Hester CISSP, CISA, CAP, MCT, MCITP, MCTS, MCSE Security, Security+ Maze & / San Diego City College Q&A

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