1 Technical aspects to realize e-Government systems

2 Scope of Activities Applicable across full public service – Central Departments – State owned service delivery agencies – Regional & Local Government – Health & Education sectors Develop and implement common systems Develop and apply interoperability and operational standards eGovernment coordination and programme management role

3 Transformation of G-2-eG Information about services New access channels New levels of service Business processes (front and back office) Organisational structures

4 Infrastructure for e-Government 1st Round – Government in good working order – Functioning governance processes – Availability of resources – Consensus on drivers for e-Government – Political support & leadership

5 Elements of eGovernment Infrastructure Overall vision Governance Making and implementing decisions Leadership Organisational arrangements Resources and funding Accountability Measuring success Common Systems Centrally Provided services for use across public service Hub architecture offers many benefits

6 Ref-

7 l Benefits of Central Services Economies of scale Common Standards Enforcement of standards Consistency of customer experience Sharing of customer data Integration of customer services l Central Services Customer Identity Management Authentication and authorisation Security Trust services Data services Forms engine Information Repositories l Customer Readiness Cultural readiness Income levels Confidence /trust in l Technical Infrastructure l Legislative Framework

8 Building the Infrastructure for eGovernment

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13 E-Society in the News From BBC news web site l UK government responds on Phorm l Crackdown on 'suicide websites' l Computer games drive social ties l Web 'must separate rumour' from science

14 Topics l Broadly a 2-way split l Sectors »E-commerce, e-govt, e-learning, e-health, e-science, e-entertainment l Issues »Legal, ethical/professional, organisational, policy, digital divide

15 Course structure l Schedule »See web page »Tutorials: sign up via Web l Staff »Frank Guerin (course organiser, co-teaching) »Matthew Collinson (co-teaching) »Unconfirmed: ?Matt Dennis? (demonstrator)

16 Reading l Information page on course website »Books, websites, seminars »All background/optional »No course textbook as such »

17 Assessment l 75% exam »Topics from lectures, tutorials, assessment –NOT just what's on powerpoint! l 25% coursework »Two articles (25%) –NOT just what's on powerpoint! »Oral presentation – not marked, but could help article

18 Introduction: What is eSociety About?

19 Introduction: What is eSociety About? Electronic Technology Human Society

20 Marshall McLuhan, "we shape our tools and they in turn shape us.”

21 Some definitions… Technology: the art or science of applying scientific knowledge to practical problems Technology: a broad concept that deals with a species' usage and knowledge of tools and crafts, and how it affects a species' ability to control and adapt to its environment Society: an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization Society: a grouping of individuals, which is characterized by common interests and may have distinctive culture and institutions.

22 Technological and social developments through the ages…

23 Technological and social developments through the ages…

24 Technological and social developments through the ages… Development of farming

25 Technological and social developments through the ages… Settlement

26 Technological and social developments through the ages… Settlement They interact and feed each other – technological and social development

27 Technological and social developments through the ages… Development of money

28 Technological and social developments through the ages… Specialisation

29 Technological and social developments through the ages… Specialisation Some unexpected, like traders

30 Technological and social developments through the ages… Development of Writing

31 Technological and social developments through the ages… Specialist knowledge Mathematics Scribes Education Classes … So technology is the motor for major social changes Now technological change is so fast and profound  interesting times for society We are only at the beginning of this social change

32 phone screens fast data transmission and processing large databases search Encryption Specific technologies were necessary for specific sectors Sometimes one is driving the other Much has been discovered very recently

33 Freedom of information Censorship Freedom of speech Blogging Technology provides a new opportunity + society makes use of it (in unforeseen ways) =Society changes Society has a new need  Technology fills the gap

34 Music Movies TV Web 2.0 Again… Technology provides a new opportunity + society makes use of it (in unforeseen ways) =Society changes Society has a new need  Technology fills the gap

35 Why study eSociety? Learn about effects on society Learn about new/old needs of society Learn about non technical challenges Looking at the big picture maybe you can see the pattern helps you predict how technology will change how society will change business opportunity (Google, eBay, Amazon, Youtube) social engineering opportunity

36 Topics: Sectors l E-Society sectors »E-commerce »E-government »E-learning »E-health »E-science »E-entertainment l Potential benefits? Barriers?

37 E-Commerce l Potential benefits »Shop open 24/7 »Customers all over world »Unlimited catalogue l Issues »Business models (organisational change) »Security/privacy/trust »Legal barriers to international sales

38 E-Commerce l Potential benefits »Shop open 24/7 »Customers all over world »Unlimited catalogue l Issues »Business models (organisational change) »Security/privacy/trust »Legal barriers to international sales

39 E-government l Potential benefits »Info is easily accessible to all »Easier tax forms, voting, etc l Issues

40 E-government l Potential benefits »Info is easily accessible to all »Easier tax forms, voting, etc l Issues »Unfair to people who lack access to web? –Poor, elderly, deprived

41 E-Learning l Potential benefits »Distance learning »Material can be customised to student l Issues

42 E-Learning l Potential benefits »Distance learning »Material can be customised to student l Issues »Ownership/use of material? »Many people want face-to-face teaching –Interaction with peers

43 E-Health l Potential benefits »Sharing medical information (eg, A&E) »Fewer medical errors »Detect disease outbreaks, etc, better l Issues

44 E-Health l Potential benefits »Sharing medical information (eg, A&E) »Fewer medical errors »Detect disease outbreaks, etc, better l Issues »Security/privacy of medical data »What happens when computers crash? –Natural diasasters?

45 Reflect: Systems Thinking l Systems, which perform functions and provide services, are complex assemblies and combinations of technological, human/social, economic, and policy components. l How can we organize our understanding? l How can model systems so that we can explore and reason about all of the interacting and conflicting components and requirements? l How do systems fail? Systemic failure, component failure, individual culpability? l Security examples.

46 E-Science l Potential benefits »Universal access to scientific papers and data sets »Better collaboration, sharing of resources l Issues »Organisational: researchers judged by research papers in conventional journals »How detect bogus material

47 E-Science l Potential benefits »Universal access to scientific papers and data sets »Better collaboration, sharing of resources l Issues »Organisational: researchers judged by research papers in conventional journals »How detect bogus material

48 E-Entertainment l Potential benefits »Much broader range of material »Interact with people around world l Issues »Privacy (esp of children) »Rights to material (IPR)

49 E-Entertainment l Potential benefits »Much broader range of material »Interact with people around world l Issues »Privacy (esp of children) »Rights to material (IPR)

50 E-Society l Internet/web/IT can change society for the better l But these changes require many non- technical barriers to be addressed.

51 Standard for new tech l To effectively use cars, society needs »Infrastructure: roads, petrol stations… »Public policy (speed limit, age limit) »Laws, regulations, licenses »Professional bodies (AA), training (BSM) »Mechanism to deal with failures –Police, ambulances, etc for crashes l Much more than actual vehicle

52 Electronic Technology Human Society "we shape our tools and they in turn shape us.”