5 Alternative Linda

5 Alternative Linda Community-based disaster preparedness/risk management (CBDRM) model Community-based Disaster Preparedness (CBDP) Community-based Mitigation and Preparedness (CBMP) Community-Driven Reconstruction (CDR) Owner Driven Reconstruction (ODR) model Community-based disaster management Terms for Participatory activities in Disaster Relief Okazaki, K. & Narita, E. (Eds.) (2004). UNCRD Tapestry: Defining the Past and Building the Future of CBDM. United Nations Centre for Regional Development & Disaster Management Planning Hyogo Office.

5 Alternative Linda Community-Based Disaster Management “Discovered” in 1970s Used by United Nations Centre for Regional Development and International Red Cross and Red Crescent societies Studied in depth with the “Sustainability in Community-Based Disaster Management” project Okazaki, K. & Narita, E. (Eds.) (2004). UNCRD Tapestry: Defining the Past and Building the Future of CBDM. United Nations Centre for Regional Development & Disaster Management Planning Hyogo Office. Shaw, R & Okazaki, K. (2004). Sustainability in grass-roots Initiatives: Focus on Community Based Disaster Management. United Nations Centre for Regional Development & Disaster Management Planning Hyogo Office.

5 Alternative Linda Principles of CBDM: Recognition of the exigency of community involvement Belief in community’s capability and indigenous knowledge Recognition of different vulnerabilities of various groups in a community A concern for improvement in the overall wellbeing of the people An emphasis upon organizational and technical capacity building of the community A philosophy of risk reduction Enhancing community awareness about risks Precautionary measure and mitigation actions Mobilization of local resources Okazaki, K. & Narita, E. (Eds.) (2004). UNCRD Tapestry: Defining the Past and Building the Future of CBDM. United Nations Centre for Regional Development & Disaster Management Planning Hyogo Office..

5 Alternative Linda How CBDM works at each stage MITIGATION Communities can Lessen their Exposure to Specific Hazards and Prevent Disasters from Occurring PREPARED -NESS Disaster preparedness which builds on local knowledge can dramatically reduce suffering and loss of life & infrastructure. Many actions can be taken by communities to reduce impacts of Disasters. RESPONSE When disasters happen local Community can save the most lives in the first hours…and this is often before external support has arrived. RECOVERY Effective & sustainable disaster recovery is only possible when you have community ownership of processes & they are aware that development can lead to Disasters Ricos, M. (2008). Community Based Disaster Management. Indonesian Development of Education and Permaculture (IDEP) Foundation.

5 Alternative Linda Community Based Disaster Preparedness Examine community’s susceptibility to hazards (vulnerability analysis) Indentify the human material resources available to cope with these threats (capability assessment) Define the organizational structures by which a coordinated response is to be launched (plan development) **Community Vulnerability and Capacity in Post-Disaster Recovery Yasui, E. (2007). Community vulnerability and capacity in post-disaster recovery: The cases of Mano and Mikura neighbourhoods in the wake of the 1995 Kobe earthquake. Vancouver, Canada: University of British Columbia

5 Alternative Linda Requires government, NGO, & community interaction Building community capacity Analyzing community structure Community Based Disaster Preparedness Allen, K. (2006). Community-based disaster preparedness and climate adaptation: local capacity Building in the Philippines. Disasters, 30(1), doi: /j x.

5 Alternative Linda

5 Alternative Linda Examples of PRA in Disaster Management Okazaki, K. & Narita, E. (Eds.) (2004). UNCRD Tapestry: Defining the Past and Building the Future of CBDM.. p31 United Nations Centre for Regional Development & Disaster Management Planning Hyogo Office..

5 Alternative Linda Examples of PRA in Disaster Management Okazaki, K. & Narita, E. (Eds.) (2004). UNCRD Tapestry: Defining the Past and Building the Future of CBDM.. p29. United Nations Centre for Regional Development & Disaster Management Planning Hyogo Office..

5 Alternative Linda Examples of PRA in Disaster Management Okazaki, K. & Narita, E. (Eds.) (2004). UNCRD Tapestry: Defining the Past and Building the Future of CBDM.. p32. United Nations Centre for Regional Development & Disaster Management Planning Hyogo Office..

5 Alternative Linda Timeline of a Community Preparing For, Experiencing, and Recovering From Disaster Time Preparedness Pre-Disaster Vulnerability Disaster Event Recovery Aim Okazaki, K. & Narita, E. (Eds.) (2004). UNCRD Tapestry: Defining the Past and Building the Future of CBDM.. p131. United Nations Centre for Regional Development & Disaster Management Planning Hyogo Office..

Role of Local Community 5 Alternative Linda The Change-Over of Responsbility Role of External Assisting Groups Time Responsibility Okazaki, K. & Narita, E. (Eds.) (2004). UNCRD Tapestry: Defining the Past and Building the Future of CBDM.. p126. United Nations Centre for Regional Development & Disaster Management Planning Hyogo Office..

5 Alternative Linda Circular Chain Model representing Structural and Non-structural Earthquake Protection Measures Structural Measures Non-structural Measures Safe Building Measures Building Safe New Structures Safe Building Measures Protection of Critical Facilities Insurance Individual and Community Insurance Laws/Controls Byelaws, Codes of Practice and Land Use Planning Controls Public Awareness Education and Training Disaster Management Natural Disaster Management Systems and Plans Including Risk Reduction Safe Building Measures Strengthening Existing Structures - Retrofit Okazaki, K. & Narita, E. (Eds.) (2004). UNCRD Tapestry: Defining the Past and Building the Future of CBDM.. p144. United Nations Centre for Regional Development & Disaster Management Planning Hyogo Office..

The Progression of Vulnerability Limited access to Power Structures Resources Ideologies Political Systems Economic systems Limited access to Power Structures Resources Ideologies Political Systems Economic systems Lack of Local institutions Training Appropriate skills Local investments Local markets Press freedom Ethical standards in public life Macro-forces Rapid population growth Rapid urbanization Arms expenditure Debt repayment schedules Deforestation Decline in soil productivity Lack of Local institutions Training Appropriate skills Local investments Local markets Press freedom Ethical standards in public life Macro-forces Rapid population growth Rapid urbanization Arms expenditure Debt repayment schedules Deforestation Decline in soil productivity Fragile physical environment Dangerous locations Unprotected buildings and infrastructure Fragile local economy Livelihoods at risk Low income levels Vulnerable society Special groups at risk Lack of local institutions Public actions Lack of disaster preparedness Prevalence of endemic disease Fragile physical environment Dangerous locations Unprotected buildings and infrastructure Fragile local economy Livelihoods at risk Low income levels Vulnerable society Special groups at risk Lack of local institutions Public actions Lack of disaster preparedness Prevalence of endemic disease Earthquake High winds (cyclone, hurricane, typhoon) Flooding Volcanic eruption Landslide Drought Virus and pests Earthquake High winds (cyclone, hurricane, typhoon) Flooding Volcanic eruption Landslide Drought Virus and pests Risk = Hazard ⅹ Vulnerability R = H ⅹ V Risk = Hazard ⅹ Vulnerability R = H ⅹ V 1. Root Causes 2. Dynamic Pressures 3. Unsafe Conditions Hazards Yasui, E. (2007). Community vulnerability and capacity in post-disaster recovery: The cases of Mano and Mikura neighbourhoods in the wake of the 1995 Kobe earthquake. Vancouver, p36. Canada: University of British Columbia Vulnerability Pressure and Release Model

Community Development Community Function – Planned Efforts – Community Organizing – Types of Community, CBOs and approaches Community Development Community Function – Planned Efforts – Community Organizing – Types of Community, CBOs and approaches State/ Political Levels of Vulnerability Top-down decision making processes Narrow development focus Inflexible policy and practices, etc. State/ Political Levels of Vulnerability Top-down decision making processes Narrow development focus Inflexible policy and practices, etc. Local/ Community Levels of Vulnerability Lack of or inactive CBOs Aging population Low birth rate Local economy in decline Power imbalance with local government and within people, etc. Local/ Community Levels of Vulnerability Lack of or inactive CBOs Aging population Low birth rate Local economy in decline Power imbalance with local government and within people, etc. Physical/ Technical Levels of Vulnerability Number of fragile buildings Density Narrow streets Fewer public parks and open spaces Poor disaster management, etc. Physical/ Technical Levels of Vulnerability Number of fragile buildings Density Narrow streets Fewer public parks and open spaces Poor disaster management, etc. Building Community Capacity Enhanced response capability Human capital to influence policy Disaster planning Utilization of existing resources Involvement of local government and business Improvement of natural environment and housing Insurance, etc. Building Community Capacity Enhanced response capability Human capital to influence policy Disaster planning Utilization of existing resources Involvement of local government and business Improvement of natural environment and housing Insurance, etc. Future Potential Hazards Earthquake High winds (cyclone, hurricane, typhoon) Flooding Volcanic eruption Landslide Future Potential Hazards Earthquake High winds (cyclone, hurricane, typhoon) Flooding Volcanic eruption Landslide Disaster and Recovery Yasui, E. (2007). Community vulnerability and capacity in post-disaster recovery: The cases of Mano and Mikura neighbourhoods in the wake of the 1995 Kobe earthquake. Vancouver, p134. Canada: University of British Columbia Community Vulnerability and Capacity Model

Haiti Country Delegation – plan for 2007 Programme Name: Disaster Management International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. (2007). P Federation Secretariat ’ s support to the Haitian National Red Cross Society: Operational plan