Click to edit Master title style OCLC Online Computer Library Center OCLC and FRBR: directions and research results Lorcan Dempsey with contributions from Diane Vizine-Goetz, Ed ONeill, Thom Hickey and Eric Childress ! ! Revolution or Evolution? The impact of FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records) Organized by the Australian Committee on Cataloging. Melbourne Convention Centre, 2 February 2004

Overview FRBR and OCLC OCLC research work OCLC production plans Some issues

FRBR and OCLC Long standing interest in work-based approaches –The Humphry Clinker problem Strong practical interest –End-user presentation –ILL –Cataloging – help find records –Collection analysis –Data enrichment

OCLC Research and FRBR Mining the data … –Ed ONeill Algorithmically FRBRizing –Thom Hickey Work-based prototypes –Diane Vizine-Goetz –Thom Hickey

Click to edit Master title style OCLC Online Computer Library Center Mining the data Analyzing representations of a single work in detail. Tested OCLC Research conversion algorithm against 1000 works.

Types of Works Elemental Works have only a single manifestation (78 %) Simple Works have only a single expression but multiple manifestations (16 %) Complex Works have multiple expression (6 %)

Principal Types of Complex Works Translations Augmented Revised Collected/Selected

Translations All translations are expressions Other types of complex works frequently include translations

Typical Augmented Work 48 Expressions 114 Manifestations Expressions created by augmentation with: notes, introductions, illustrations, bibliographies, glossaries, etc. The Expedition of Humphry Clinker

Typical Revised Work 1 st and 2 nd Editions are by John Phillip Immroth 3rd and 4th editions are by Lois Mai Chan and Immroths was added to the title

Collected Works A collection of items each of which is a distinct intellectual or artistic creation; a collection of works 50% of collected works explicitly list component works.

And … Expressions not clear. Bring out the differences that matter. Retrospective activity constrained by available bibliographic data. Empirical work will support ongoing clarification of the model (Working group on the expression entity)

Click to edit Master title style OCLC Online Computer Library Center Algorithmically FRBRizing The OCLC Research work set algorithm

Our Approach Concentrating on work-level –Problems with expression-level clusters Efficient, maintainable, understandable Useful matches with correct cataloging –Err on the side of missed matches –Some accommodation of frequent variants (e.g. Shakespeares Hamlet = Hamlet) Compare with manually clustered –Reliable at work level. Expression level not clear enough.

The Algorithm A key is generated for each record Extract author, title –Look up in NACO authority file –Added entry information as needed Form a key from bibliographic record –Author, title, added entry information –These can be sorted, compared

Results Manual estimate: 1.5 manifestations/work in WorldCat Algorithm: ~ ,000 clusters have >20 records 415,000 clusters have >4 records 30% records and 50% of holdings are in a cluster

Click to edit Master title style OCLC Online Computer Library Center Work-based prototypes FictionFinder XISBN

FictionFinder A prototype system of 2.6+ million bibliographic records for fiction clustered according to the OCLC FRBR work set algorithm Uses the FRBR model to organize, index, and display bibliographic elements of potential interest to users

Fiction Subset 2,665,662 WorldCat records (fiction indicator) 1,758,479 work clusters 1.5 records/cluster 3,866 clusters have 20 or more records 50,540 clusters have 5 or more records

Most widely held fiction works HoldingsMstations Key 29,043692twain, mark\ /adventures of huckleberry finn 26,0881,267carroll, lewis\ /alices adventures in wonderland 20,843640twain, mark\ /adventures of tom sawyer 19,4101,341defoe, daniel\ /robinson crusoe 18,566983cervantes saavedra, miguel de\ /don quixote 18,492836stevenson, robert louis\ /treasure island 18,123526dickens, charles\ /christmas carol 18,100278crane, stephen\ /red badge of courage 17,761525bronte, charlotte\ / Jane Eyre 17,499332chekhov, anton pavlovich\ /short stories

FictionFinder & FRBR Information that applies to all expressions of a given work, such as summaries, genre terms, and subjects given precedence in work/expression-level screen displays. Because of the difficulty of consistently identifying expressions, manifestations are organized by language of expression

Work display

Work/expression display

FictionFinder & FRBR Some characteristics of an expression, such as expression title, e.g., –Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone v.s –Harry Potter and the Sorcerers Stone are presented at the Work/Expression level Other less clear-cut distinctions between expressions & manifestations, such as Braille and electronic book versions are presented at both the Work/Expression level and the Manifestation level.

Work/expression/manifestation display

xISBN An experimental web service: –xISBN server receives a single ISBN and returns a list of all ISBNs for the work cluster –Designed for machine-to-machine data exchange –Can return list in XML or XHTML Supports automatic expansion of ISBN searches: –Check user ILL requests against all editions/versions in OPAC –Use xISBN bookmarklet to find local librarys editions when user finds any edition of item on Amazon, etc. –Quickly check OPAC for all editions/versions during selection/acquisitions/gift book processing

xISBN work cluster 1 work cluster 2 work cluster 3 ISBN 1 ISBN 2 ISBN 3 ISBN 1 ISBN 2 ISBN 3 ISBN 5 ISBN 6 ISBN 7 ISBN 5 ISBN 6 ISBN 7 ISBN 8 ISBN 9 ISBN 10 ISBN 8 ISBN 9 ISBN x x OCLC FRBR Work-Set Algorithm Eucalyptus / Murray Bail 1998 Melbourne : Text Pub. ISBN: Eucalyptus 1998 Melbourne : Text Pub. Eucalyptus 1998 London : Harvill Press Eucalyptus 1999 London : Panther Eukaliptusz 1999 Budapest : Ulpius-ház [Hungarian] Eucalyptus 1999 Paris : R. Laffont [French] Eukaliptus 1999 Zagreb : Meandar [Croatian] Ekaliptus 2001 Tel Aviv : Hargol [Hebrew] xISBN table builder xISBN server

Searching for the book on Amazon Searching for the book on Amazon

LibraryLookup bookmarklet LibraryLookup SIN/ /qid= /sr=1- 1/ref=sr_1_10_1/ Is the book at my library? Single ISBN

xISBN bookmarklet SIN/ /qid= /sr=1- 1/ref=sr_1_10_1/ xISBN server LibraryLookup xISBN Multiple ISBNs ADDED Is the book at my library?

OCLC production plans FRBR in FirstSearch (end-user searching) –End 2004 as part of broader searching enhancement. –Present users with view most relevent to them (work, manifestation, …) FRBR and cataloging –Interested in potential for FRBRization services –Use FRBR as aid to finding cataloging copy –FRBR view of cataloging yet to be discussed.

Some issues Data. Variations in cataloging practice and errors or omissions in transcription and input lead to false clusters Systems. Support in library management and other systems. Agreement and shared practice. Theoretical discussion needs to be informed by practice. The detail! Communications format. How to share works etc. Different internal implementations.

Further information Projects Publications ResearchWorks (soon) Software (algorithm)