E CZEMA By: Jessica Kurzweil Class: EEC 4731 Professor: Towle

W HAT IS E CZEMA ? Eczema is a chronic skin disorder that involves scaly and itchy rashes. There are several skin diseases that are eczemas; a partial list of eczemas includes: atopic dermatitis contact dermatitis dyshidrotic eczema nummular eczema seborrheic dermatitis In children, it often clears up by early adulthood. In adults, it is generally a long-term or recurring condition.

C AUSES Caused by an abnormal immune system response. Eczema is due to a hypersensitivity reaction (similar to an allergy) in the skin, which leads to long-term inflammation. The condition tends to run in families. The following can make eczema symptoms worse: Dry skin Exposure to environmental irritants Exposure to water Stress Temperature changes

S YMPTOMS Begin and commonly appear in infants younger than age 5 and affect between 10-12%. Blisters with oozing and crusting. Dry, leathery skin areas. In children younger than age 2, skin lesions begin on the cheeks, elbows, or knees. In adults, the rash is more commonly seen on the inside of the knees and elbows.

S IGNS Reddened patches of irritated skin may appear an infant or toddlers cheeks, forehead, scalp, or neck. Older children typically develop dry, itchy, scaly areas on the knees, elbows, wrists, and/ or back of hands. Repeated itching can cause wounds to become infected. Change in weather can trigger to flare up or cause it worsen.

T ESTS / D IAGNOSIS Diagnosis is primarily based on the appearance of the skin and on personal and family history.

T REATMENT Treatment can vary depending on the appearance (stage) of the lesions. "Weeping" lesions, dry scaly lesions, or chronic dry, thickened lesions are each treated differently. When washing or bathing, keep water contact as brief as possible and use less soap than usual. Medicines called topical immunomodulators (TIMs) may be prescribed in some cases.

P REVENTION Studies have shown that children who are breast- fed are less likely to get eczema. This is also true when the nursing mother has avoided cow's milk in her diet. Other dietary restrictions may include eggs, fish, peanuts, and soy. Eczema tends to run in families. Controlling stress, nervousness, anxiety, and depression can help in some cases.

R EFERENCES R., Lynn. Health, Safety, and Nutrition for the Young Child. 7. Clifton Park, NY: Wadsworth Pub Co, Print