Tuesday, October 21 Do-Now Agenda Homework Objective First, take out your history binders and homework. Leave them on your desk. Pick up a piece of chalk on the blackboard. Contribute at least 1 item to the “Know” or “Want to know” chart, regarding the 2008 election. Objective To analyze / understand the progressive Reforms enacted under William Howard Taft and Woodrow Wilson. Agenda Do-Now & Homework Check K-W-L Election Discussion Notes on Progressivism under Taft and Wilson Homework Read Chapter 18, Section 3 Create a venn diagram comparing the policies of Wilson and Taft (Quiz!!!) Get to work on your current event due Friday! Don’t Forget: Quiz Thursday

Thursday’s Quiz will cover: Roosevelt Taft Wilson Women’s Suffrage Study Chapter 18, Much of Sections 2-4 Then we will finally be moving on from the Progressive Era!!! : )

Friday you will need a Current Event – Election 2008 Based on our K-W-L Chart created in class, select an article which addresses one of the “W”s Print or clip your article and staple to your summary / response with your name/date/pd. Write a detailed summary (one full paragraph or more) and prepare a 1-to-2 minute “lesson” on your topic to share with the class. In other words: Research the topic! Give us the whole story! Don’t simply look for the shortest article around!!!

PROGRESSIVISM Taft’s & Wilson’s Administrations

Quickie Roosevelt Review What were Roosevelt’s motives for attacking the Northern Securities Company? Was he opposed to all big business? What supposedly “dead” law did he revive in order to prosecute the trusts?

President Taft Hand-picked by TR & wins the 1908 election - pledges to carry on TR’s Progressive program

Taft and Progressivism – Mixed Results Alienates progressives by not appointing any to cabinet Payne-Aldrich Tariff: Ballinger-Pinchot Affair Ballinger (Secretary of Interior) opposed protection of natural resources in West & sided with businesses Pinchot (Head of US Forest Service) promoted scientific management of wilderness & designed many of TR’s conservation policies 1909 Ballinger allowed businesses to obtain several acres of Alaskan public lands Pinchot protests to Congressional committee charging Ballinger with corruption Taft fires Pinchot angering TR and other progressives

Turmoil in the Republican Party TR returns from African Safari to hear cries of protests & criticisms of Taft TR campaigns for the Progressives during Midterm Elections in order for them to regain control of the House By the election of 1912, TR has had it…. Nominated for presidency by the Progressive Party (nickname Bull Moose Party when TR announces he feels “fit as a bull moose!!)

Election of 1912 Bull Moose Party – TR Reform platform Tariff reduction Women’s suffrage More regulation of business Child labor ban 8 hour workday Direct election of senators -Ran a tough campaign

Who did it? “Friends, I shall ask you to be as quiet as possible. I don’t know whether you fully understand that I have just been shot; but it takes more than that to kill a Bull Moose.” [showed his blood-stained shirt, then continued his speech]

Election of 1912 Taft & the Republican Party Complaints about job threatened to overshadow his presidency Reserved more public lands Brought more antitrust suits in 4 years than TR in 7 Supported Children’s Bureau 16 and 17th amendments Mann-Elkins Act of 1910 Despite all this, he remained at odds with the Republican Progressives

Election of 1912 Democratic Party & Wilson’s “New Freedom” Political background: NJ governor Ran on reform platform with many of the same reforms as TR Criticized big business & big government

Election of 1912 Four-way Election Roosevelt: Bull Moose (progressive) Party Taft: Republican Party Wilson: Democratic Party Eugene V. Debs (labor leader): Socialist Party Republican vote split between Taft and TR Wilson wins presidential race – only won 42% of popular vote, but won the electoral vote by a landslide

President Wilson Believed his duty was to promote major legislation Underwood Tariff Act (1913) Signed into law the Federal Income Tax (16th amendment) Attacked trusts Clayton Antitrust Act Federal Trade Commission (1914)

President Wilson Federal Reserve System (1913) Divided country into 12 districts each with a Federal Reserve Bank owned by its member banks Supervised by a Federal Reserve Board Supreme Court Nomination –Louis D. Brandeis the “people’s lawyer” First Jewish Supreme Court Nominee Approved by Congress & marks peak of progressivism Wins second term Runs on slogan that he had kept the country out of WWI Barely defeats Republican nominee, Charles Evans Hughes

Wilson’s New Freedom plan was an attack on the “triple wall of privilege: the trusts, the tariffs and high finance” Underwood Tariff of 1913 – eliminated or lowered protective tariffs for big business and created the first income tax law after the passage of the sixteenth amendment allowing for the income tax. Federal Reserve Act of 1913 - created 12 Federal Reserve Districts each with a Bank for banks (not individuals) and a Federal Reserve Board to run the banks. Clayton Anti-trust Act of 1914 Could not prevent buyers from purchasing goods from competitors Price cutting forbidden as well as some rebates Unions could not be regarded as illegal combos in restraint of trade under antitrust laws Legalized unions & their key weapons: strikes, picketing, boycotts Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914 – set up the Federal Trade Commission as a watch-dog agency to investigate violations of regulatory laws.

Limits on Progressivism Progressives redefined and enlarged role of government Some supported immigration limits & literacy tests Little action to pursue social justice reforms Extended Jim Crow practices; AA ignored Initially opposed women’s suffrage