Some outcomes of the CRM/FRBR harmonization: the definition of manifestation and a review of attributes Maja Žumer University of Ljubljana

FRBR workshop May 2, 2005 FRBR/CRM harmonization Will be discussed in detail by Patrick Le Boeuf on Wednesday A working group discussing (possible) convergence of FRBR (E-R model of the library community) and CIDOC CRM (O-O model of the museum community)

FRBR workshop May 2, 2005 Expressing FRBR as O-O Re-examination of entities Re-examination of entities Review of attributes Review of attributes

FRBR workshop May 2, 2005 In this presentation manifestation manifestation attributes attributes

FRBR workshop May 2, 2005 Manifestation in FRBR The physical embodiment of an expression of a work When a work is realized, the resulting expression of the work may be physically embodied on or in a medium such as paper, audio tape, video tape, canvas, plaster, etc.

FRBR workshop May 2, 2005 What makes a new manifestation Changes in physical form Changes in physical form –Display characteristics (typeface, layout) –Changes in physical medium (paper to microfilm) –Changes in the container (casette to cartridge) Changes in production process Changes in production process –Publication, marketing (change in publisher, repackaging) But: Changes that affect the intellectual or artictic content result in a new manifestation embodying a new expression of the work

FRBR workshop May 2, 2005 Dual nature of manifestation A single physical exemplar A single physical exemplar Multiple copies for public dissemination or distribution Multiple copies for public dissemination or distribution –Formal production process –Limited number of copies for private study or preservation

FRBR workshop May 2, 2005 Single exemplar In some cases there may be only a single physical exemplar produced of that manifestation of the work (an authors manuscript, a tape recorded for an oral history archive, an original oil painting, etc.) In some cases there may be only a single physical exemplar produced of that manifestation of the work (an authors manuscript, a tape recorded for an oral history archive, an original oil painting, etc.) Physical object

FRBR workshop May 2, 2005 Multiple copies Whether the scope of production is broad or limited, the SET of copies produced in each case constitutes a manifestation. A set is an abstract notion

FRBR workshop May 2, 2005 Proposal Both types of manifestation are not equal, so we need two distinct entities: Single exemplar (manifestation sigleton) Single exemplar (manifestation sigleton) A set of exemplars (manifestation product type) A set of exemplars (manifestation product type) They are different by nature and have different attributes, different relationships

FRBR workshop May 2, 2005 Attributes in FRBR Derived from analysis of data typically reflected in bibliographic records The principal sources: ISBDs ISBDs Guidelines for Authority and Reference Entries (GARE) Guidelines for Authority and Reference Entries (GARE) Guidelines for Subject Authority and Reference Entries (GSARE) Guidelines for Subject Authority and Reference Entries (GSARE) UNIMARC Manual UNIMARC Manual

FRBR workshop May 2, Comprehensive but not exhaustive Attributes defined at logical level (as viewed by a user, rather than specific data elements defined by catalogers): Individual data elements Individual data elements Aggregate of discrete data elements (e.g. title of manifastation) Aggregate of discrete data elements (e.g. title of manifastation)

FRBR workshop May 2, 2005 Issue no. 1 Attributes were defined from existing practice and mapped to user functions later. Are some attributes missing? Shouldnt attributes be defined from the analysis of functions and entities? Are electronic resources appropriately dealt with?

FRBR workshop May 2, 2005 FRBR/CRM analysis There are (too) many attributes for each entity There are (too) many attributes for each entity –Create a superclass –Split into more classes Some attributes are not assigned to appropriate entities Some attributes are not assigned to appropriate entities

FRBR workshop May 2, 2005 Examples original language of the work original language of the work medium of performance (musical work) medium of performance (musical work) revisability of expression revisability of expression extensibility of expression extensibility of expression

FRBR workshop May 2, 2005 Proposal A review of attributes Based on user functions and specific needs within functions Based on user functions and specific needs within functions Include electronic resources Include electronic resources