Do Now: What are the three roots of prejudice (S…E…C)? Social Emotional Cognitive
1)Categorizing 2)Vivid Case Phenomenon 3)Just World Phenomenon 4)Hindsight Bias
3 Cognitive Roots of Prejudice One way we simplify our world is to categorize. We categorize people into groups by stereotyping them. Michael S. Yamashita/ Woodfin Camp Associates
4 Cognitive Roots of Prejudice In vivid cases terrorists can feed stereotypes or prejudices Example: 9/11
5 Cognitive Roots of Prejudice Just-world phenomenon The tendency of people to believe the world is just, and people get what they deserve and deserve what they get © The New Yorker Collection, 1981, Robert Mankoff from cartoonbank.com. All Rights Reserved.
6 Hindsight Bias The tendency to believe that we could have predicted an outcome beforehand
How can we reduce prejudice? Contact theory- contact between antagonistic groups will reduce hostility if groups work toward superordinate goal
Do Now: Video on Aggression Bandura, Road Rage, Intentional Aggression nNNMYhttp:// nNNMY EwQQ
9 Aggression Aggression any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy. Aggressive behavior emerges from the interaction of biology and experience.
Two types of Aggression Instrumental: act is a means to gain something Hostile: emotional and impulsive- typically in response to pain or stress
Aim: What is the cause of aggression?
12 The Biology of Aggression Three biological influences on aggressive behavior are: 1.Genetic Influences 2.Neural Influences 3.Biochemical Influences
13 Genetic Influences 1) Twin Studies 2) Animal Breeding Studies 3) Y chromosome: Men are much more likely to engage in aggressive behavior
Neural Influences: The limbic system (amygdala) will increase aggression The frontal lobe will suppress aggression
16 Biochemical Influences 1) Castrated animals (low testosterone) become docile 2) Animals injected with testosterone= increased aggression 3) Prenatal exposure to testosterone= increased aggression
Alcohol and Aggression Alcohol increases aggression
18 The Psychology of Aggression Four psychological factors that influence aggressive behavior are: 1.Dealing with aversive events 2.Learning aggression is rewarding 3.Observing models of aggression 4.Acquiring social scripts
19 Frustration Aggression Principle Studies in which animals and humans experience unpleasant events reveal that those made miserable often make others miserable. Ron Artest (Pacers) attack on Detroit Pistons fans. Jeff Kowalsky/ EPA/ Landov
20 Environment Even environmental temperature can lead to aggressive acts. Murders and rapes increased with the temperature in Houston.
21 Frustration-Aggression Principle Frustration (caused by the blocking of an attempt to achieve a desired goal) creates anger, which can generate aggression.
22 Learning that Aggression is Rewarding When aggression leads to desired outcomes, one learns to be aggressive.
How might viewing violent or sexually violent media lead to aggression?
Violent media will desensitize people to violence Media can create social scripts and use these scripts as guides
25 Observing Models of Aggression Sexually coercive men are promiscuous and hostile in their relationships with women. This coerciveness has increased due to television viewing of R- and X-rated movies.
26 Acquiring Social Scripts The media portrays social scripts and generates mental tapes in the minds of the viewers.
27 Do Video Games Teach or Release Violence? The general consensus on violent video games is that, to some extent, they breed violence. Adolescents view the world as hostile when they get into arguments and receive bad grades after playing such games.
Summary What are three causes of aggression? How does our psychology influence aggression? How could you study the effects of prejudice on aggressive behaviors?
29 Summary