The Presidency 1

“We ask our President to be head of government and a national symbol.” -Robert Reich Secretary of Labor under Clinton 2

Constitutional Powers What is Hamilton’s main idea in Fed 69? What is Hamilton’s main idea in Fed 69? What are Hamilton’s main points in Fed 70? What are Hamilton’s main points in Fed 70? 3

King v. President 4

WHY HAS PRESIDENTIAL /EXECUTIVE POWER EXPANDED? 5

Roles of the President What roles does the President play? What roles does the President play? Chief Executive Chief Executive Chief Diplomat Chief Diplomat Commander-in-chief Commander-in-chief Chief legislator Chief legislator Chief of Party Chief of Party Chief citizen Chief citizen What are examples of Presidents filling each of these roles? 6

Constitutional Powers Explicit Explicit Commander in Chief Commander in Chief Veto Veto Appointment Appointment Pardon Pardon Recommendation Recommendation Implied Executive Order Executive Agreements National Security Directives Removal 7 Give an example of the President using an explicit power.

Checks on Executive Power Congress Congress Impeachment Impeachment Override veto Override veto Confirm appointments Confirm appointments Voters Voters Midterm elections Midterm elections Re-election Re-election mandate mandate Supreme Court Media Influences voters International coverage Party Congress Campaigns 8

Explicit Power: Appointment Think: How does each of these appointees execute power? John Kerry: Secretary of State John Kerry: Secretary of State Confirmation Confirmation Confirmation Sonia Sotomayor: Associate Supreme Court Justice Sonia Sotomayor: Associate Supreme Court Justice Chuck Hagel: Secretary of Defense Chuck Hagel: Secretary of Defense Michael Rogers: Director of the NSA Michael Rogers: Director of the NSA 9

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Presidential Decision-making Factors: Factors: Status relationships Status relationships Formal rules Formal rules Informal Rules Informal Rules Prior Knowledge Prior Knowledge Time Available Time Available Resources Available Resources Available Style Style Precedent Precedent Personal Beliefs Personal Beliefs Public Opinion Public Opinion External decisionmakers External decisionmakers Importance of the issue Importance of the issue Examples of Unitary Decision-making: War powers Natural disaster 11

Reflection on Presidential Power In what ways could the President abuse his power? In what ways could the President abuse his power? Which powers are particularly “elastic”? Which powers are particularly “elastic”? Which powers have been enhanced by the growth and development of the media? Which powers have been enhanced by the growth and development of the media? 12

" Stroke of the pen. Law of the Land. Kinda cool." Paul Begala, former Clinton advisor, The New York Times, July 5, 1998 Executive orders --legally binding --don’t require approval --orders can fulfill a vague law --order can depart from Congressional “intent” Checks on EOs: Supreme Court-not often Congress—withhold funds, pass new law (can be vetoed) Press Future President (can reverse EOs) 13

Implied Power Examine your Executive Order Examine your Executive Order Who was President? Who was President? What was the context? What was the context? What does the order do? What does the order do? Why was this done through an executive order? Why was this done through an executive order? 14

Executive Orders: Share Out Prohibition of Discrimination in Defense Industry (1941) Prohibition of Discrimination in Defense Industry (1941) Relocation of Japanese (1942) Relocation of Japanese (1942) Removal of Alien Enemies (1946) Removal of Alien Enemies (1946) Desegregation of Central High School (1957) Desegregation of Central High School (1957) Prohibiting Transactions with Iran (1980) Prohibiting Transactions with Iran (1980) Blocking Property of Proliferators of WMD (2005) Blocking Property of Proliferators of WMD (2005) 15

Expansion of Presidential Power Precedent Precedent Acts of Congress Acts of Congress Technology-Media Technology-Media Military Might Military Might Globalization Globalization Executive Branch Agencies Executive Branch Agencies 16 For your reason: Provide an example Explain how it has expanded pres. power