CCSS: Types of Writing

Common Core: Writing Anchor Standards Overview 1.Write arguments using valid reasoning and evidence 2.Write informative/explanatory texts 3.Write narratives using well-chosen details and well-structured event sequences 4.Produce clear and coherent writing 5.Plan, revise, edit, rewrite 6.Use technology to produce and publish writing 7.Conduct short as well as more sustained research

Content Specific Writing Standards  Now look at your content specific writing standards  Highlight the verbs: What should students be able to do with writing in your content area?

Three Text Types 1. Narrative 2.Informational/Explanatory 3. Argument

Narrative  Conveys a real or imaginary experience  Uses time as its main structure  Come in the form of: memoirs, creative or fictional stories, anecdotes, autobiographies…  Include visual details

In Social Science…  Students:  write narrative accounts about individuals  construct event models of what happened

In Science…  Students:  write narratives of step-by-step procedures that follow their investigations

Informational/Explanatory  Purpose:  Increase reader’s knowledge of a subject  Help the reader understand a procedure  Provide readers information on a particular topic/concept  Addresses types and components  Writer’s convey information by:  Naming  Defining  Describing  Comparing/contrasting  Citing evidence

Genres of Informational/Explanatory Writing  Literary analysis  Scientific and historical reports  Summaries  Workplace and functional writing:  Resumes  Applications  Reports  Manuals  memos

Difference between Informational and Argumentative  Information is provided in both, however:  Argumentative makes people believe that something is true and seeks to change beliefs  Informational assumes that the information is taken as truthful (already a fact) Arguments are used to persuade while informational pieces are used to clarify and provide information.

Persuasion vs. Argument Ethos (author credibility) Pathos (emotional appeals) Persuasion Logos (logical appeals) Reason Argument

Is it argument or persuasion?

In Social Science… Students:  analyze evidence from primary and secondary sources  support claims with evidence  argue for a historically situated interpretation

In Science… Students:  Make claims in the forms of statements or conclusions  Answer questions or address problems  Use data in scientifically acceptable forms  Use evidence and their own understanding of scientific concepts to support their claims

Using others’ ideas appropriately  Quoting: using the exact words of another. Words must be placed in quotation marks and the author cited.  Summarizing : putting the ideas of another in your own words and condensing them. Author must be identified.  Paraphrasing: putting someone else’s ideas in your words but keeping approximately the same length as the original. Paraphrase must be original in both structure and wording, and accurate in representing author’s intent. It can not just be switching out synonyms in the original sentence. Author must be identified.

Four corners Activity  The Supreme Court was right this week to reverse the ban on the sale of violent video games to children.  Agree? Or Disagree? Write for 3 minutes on your opinion.  Go to the side of the room matching your response. In your groups, you have several minutes to create an argument: claim, convincing evidence, and explanation to present a two-minute argument to the rest of the group.

“Skilled writers many times use a blend of these three text types to accomplish their purposes.” –Common Core State Standards, Appendix A

Important to note…  Writing and reading should be taught together  STUDENTS SHOULD WRITE ABOUT WHAT THEY READ  Writing should be done in ALL content areas every week  The length and type of writing should vary depending on writing  Not all writing has to be formal or go through the entire writing process  JOURNALS, QUICK WRITES, SHORT RESPONSE, LAB WRITE UPS, REFLECTIONS, SUMMARIES…

Sample SBAC Items Science Content and Skills

Sample SBAC Item Social Science Content and Skills

Thank you!