EARLY MAN to First Civilizations Paleolithic Period and Neolithic Period

The Paleolithic Period 2 The Paleolithic Period 2.5 Million BCE to 12000 BCE ish (Before the Common Era) Humans migrated from Africa to Eurasia, Australia, & the Americas Used fire in new ways Used wider range of tools Humans were hunter – gatherers (1 square mile needed to support two people Economic structures focused on kinship groups (family and clan)

Archeologists interpret remains to describe early man.

The “Ice Man”

The Ice Man?

Due Tomorrow: Read the “Iceman” article by Leon Jaroff –from my website-- & write responses to the following questions in your notebook. 1. Who wrote the source? When? Who is the intended audience? 2. What are the beliefs about early man that the Iceman changed? 3. What is the main idea or thesis of this article? 4. Jaroff gives some explanations for the tattoos on the prehistoric man. What are several other possible explanations for the tattoos purpose or location? 5. Give characteristics or elements of this article that make the article seem reliable as a source.

Mesoamerica Andes Amazonia Eastern North America New Guinea China Ethiopia West Africa Fertile Crescent In response to warming climates, from about 10,000 years ago, SETTLED AGRICULTURE appeared in a number of places.. Nile valley

Settled Agriculture led to what is called the Neolithic Revolution Neolithic Revolution is the period known for changes in human societies caused by agriculture and pastoralism (herding of animals)

How did people learn to farm and domesticate animals?

The Neolithic Revolution transformed societies Changes to the environment Increased population More complex economies and social systems Patriarchy & forced labor systems Specialization of labor (including artisans & warriors) More hierarchical social structures (elites and commoners)

- Improvements in agricultural production, trade, & transportation Plows Pottery Wheeled vehicles Metallurgy Woven textiles

Domestication of Plants and Animals Farming Population Intensification Surplus Food Specialization Complex Society, also known as CIVILIZATION

Elements of civilization include: 1) Cities Mohenjo Daro It’s the law 2) Central governments And Law codes Hammurabi’s Law Code Pharaohs

4) Highly organized religions Elements of Civilization include: 1) Cities 2) Central governments and law codes 3) Writing and record keeping Can you identify the society represented by each of these two writing samples? 4) Highly organized religions

Elements of Civilization include: 1) Cities 2) Central Governments and law codes 5) Specialized Jobs 3) Writing and record keeping 4) Highly organized religion Full-time monk 6) Social Classes Assyrian slaves In Egypt

Elements of Civilization include: 1) Cities 2) Central governments and law codes 7) Complex Technologies 3) Writing and record keeping 4) Highly organized religion Chariot 5) Specialized jobs 6) Social classes Bronze Sword

Early River Valley Civilizations

Is civilization more “civilized”? Agricultural settlements led to achievements, but also. . . Population increases Stronger Patriarchy & Slavery Rigid social classes War Increased dependence on agriculture

So . . . If a society is not a “civilization,” with cities, complex institutions and record keeping, what is that society? Barbarian? Uncivilized? Outsiders? Backward or Unimportant? How that society is described depends on the INTERPRETATION of the archeologist and/or historian!