e-Bug Research Period Findings

Research Report a)The science school curriculum content associate partner countries b)Public antibiotic or hand hygiene campaigns and existing websites c)Pattern of antibiotic use, infectious disease and countries customs and cultures d)Details of Stakeholders who would be interested in the use and dissemination of the packs e)Details of other pan-European campaigns

Methods BelgiumBelgium Czech RepublicCzech Republic DenmarkDenmark FranceFrance Great BritainGreat Britain Greece Italy Poland Portugal Spain A questionnaire was devised for distribution to each Associated partnerA questionnaire was devised for distribution to each Associated partner Teacher focus groups were carried out in the UKTeacher focus groups were carried out in the UK

a)The science school curriculum content associate partner countries b)Public antibiotic or hand hygiene campaigns and existing websites c)Pattern of antibiotic use, infectious disease and countries customs and cultures d)Details of Stakeholders who would be interested in the use and dissemination of the packs e)Details of other pan-European campaigns

Objectives Examine the educational structure across each associate partner countryExamine the educational structure across each associate partner country Assess what children are being taught in school with regards toAssess what children are being taught in school with regards to good and bad microbesgood and bad microbes hand hygienehand hygiene respiratory hygienerespiratory hygiene antibiotic useantibiotic use vaccinesvaccines Decide where and how e-Bug will fit into the curriculumDecide where and how e-Bug will fit into the curriculum

Pre school Primary Lower Secondary Upper Secondary Compulsory Full Time Education Education Structure across Europe Spain Portugal Poland Italy Greece Great Britain SCO Great Britain NIR Great Britain WAL Great Britain ENG France Denmark Czech Republic Belgium GR Belgium FL Belgium FR Student Age (years) Junior packs Senior packs

Slovenia Slovakia Lithuania Latvia Ireland Hungary Finland Croatia Spain Portugal Poland Italy Greece Great Britain SCO Great Britain NIR Great Britain WAL Great Britain ENG France Denmark Czech Republic Belgium GR Belgium FL Belgium FR Junior packs Senior packs Associate and Collaborating Countries

Curriculum content Microbes About micro organisms? The difference between bacteria, virus and fungi? About good and bad microbes? That microbes are found everywhere There are different species of bacteria CZ FR GB EL IT PL Primary Lower SecondaryIncludedNot Included

Children are taught about microbes at both Junior and Senior schoolsChildren are taught about microbes at both Junior and Senior schools With the exception of France and Great Britain, children are taught about the different types of microbes in both Junior and Senior SchoolsWith the exception of France and Great Britain, children are taught about the different types of microbes in both Junior and Senior Schools Curriculum content Microbes

The importance of hand hygiene? How to wash their hands properly? That microbes can spread via unclean hands? The difference between clean and sterile ? When to wash their hands, before eating, etc? CZ FR GB EL IT PL Curriculum content Hand Hygiene Primary Lower SecondaryIncludedNot Included

Curriculum content Hand Hygiene All countries include structured hand hygiene in the curriculum of both Junior and Senior schoolsAll countries include structured hand hygiene in the curriculum of both Junior and Senior schools All countries teach that disease can spread via unclean handsAll countries teach that disease can spread via unclean hands None of the countries teach the recommended 8 steps of hand washing at Junior school levelNone of the countries teach the recommended 8 steps of hand washing at Junior school level

Curriculum Content respiratory hygiene The difference between a cold/flu? That a virus causes the flu? That sneezing can spread germs? To cover their mouth when they sneeze? Why they should do this? CZ FR GB EL IT PL Primary Lower SecondaryIncludedNot Included

Curriculum content respiratory hygiene All countries teach the importance of covering the mouth and nose when sneezingAll countries teach the importance of covering the mouth and nose when sneezing All countries teach that disease can spread via sneezingAll countries teach that disease can spread via sneezing The difference between the cold/flu is only taught in senior schools with the exception of Greece and PolandThe difference between the cold/flu is only taught in senior schools with the exception of Greece and Poland

Curriculum content Antibiotic use Antibiotics kill bacteria Antibiotics do not kill viruses Antibiotics also kill the good bacteria Antibiotics do not cure the cough/flu The importance of finishing a course of antibiotics Bacteria are becoming resistant to antibiotics How bacteria become resistant to antibiotics. Antibiotic resistant bacteria are becoming a problem in hospitals CZ FR GB EL IT PL Primary Lower SecondaryIncludedNot Included

Curriculum content Antibiotic use All countries teach that antibiotics are used to treat infectionAll countries teach that antibiotics are used to treat infection Detail of education on antibiotics varies across EuropeDetail of education on antibiotics varies across Europe Education on antibiotic resistance is limited across EuropeEducation on antibiotic resistance is limited across Europe Only 2 out of 6 countries teach that antibiotic resistance is a serious problemOnly 2 out of 6 countries teach that antibiotic resistance is a serious problem

Where e-Bug fits into the Curriculum ScienceScienceSpain ScienceSciencePortugal Religion Perio ScienceSciencePoland ScienceScienceItaly ScienceScienceGreece PSHE BiologyScienceScience Great Britain ScienceScienceFrance ScienceScienceDenmark Homeland study Chemistry BiologyScience Science* Czech Republic ScienceScienceBelgium PrimarySecondary * And in Slovenia, Slovakia and Latvia science (natural and social) account for the largest portion of time in the curriculum.

IT Information * Mostly dial up connection (:) Information unknown (:)(:) **

a)The science school curriculum content associate partner countries b)Public antibiotic or hand hygiene campaigns and existing websites c)Pattern of antibiotic use, infectious disease and countries customs and cultures d)Details of Stakeholders who would be interested in the use and dissemination of the packs e)Details of other pan-European campaigns

1(b) Public Campaigns We asked AP’s to provide details of national public campaigns in:We asked AP’s to provide details of national public campaigns in: Hand WashingHand Washing AntibioticsAntibiotics Respiratory HygieneRespiratory Hygiene Campaigns categorised into target audience :Campaigns categorised into target audience : Health ServiceHealth Service General PublicGeneral Public School aged childrenSchool aged children

Overall Summary Details of 58 CampaignsDetails of 58 Campaigns –Deep information websites Focusing on detailed informationFocusing on detailed information –Message based campaigns Focusing on a small number of key pointsFocusing on a small number of key points

Examples

What types of media are being used for campaigns?What types of media are being used for campaigns? For each topicFor each topic Who are campaigns aimed at?Who are campaigns aimed at? What are common messages?What are common messages?

Media Poster Folder / Pack CDWebsiteTVNoveltiesLeafletsRadioNewspaperEventBook BG FR GB EL IT PL Used in campaignsNot used in campaigns

Hand Washing Visuals

Hand Washing – Who Health Service General Public (adult) School Aged BG FR GB EL IT PL Targets this audienceDoes not target this audience

Hand Washing Messages Wash to avoid infection spread Wash your hands (without reason) Hand Washing Technique BG FR GB EL IT PL Used in campaignsNot used in campaigns

Hand Washing Slogans The Infections Stop Here (FR)The Infections Stop Here (FR) Hands Carry the Infections (FR)Hands Carry the Infections (FR) Progress Passes Through You (FR)Progress Passes Through You (FR) Wash Your HandsWash Your Hands Wash hands / avoid infection (BELG)Wash hands / avoid infection (BELG) Summer in good hands (BELG)Summer in good hands (BELG) Together we can fight infection (UK)Together we can fight infection (UK) Hands up for hygiene (UK)Hands up for hygiene (UK) Don’t cross them, wash them (UK)Don’t cross them, wash them (UK)

Hand Washing Slogans “a simple gesture can limit the risk of infection” (FR)

Hand Washing - Slogans “Hands up for hygiene” (UK)

Antibiotics Visuals

Antibiotics Who Health Service General Public (adult) School Aged BG FR GB EL IT PL Used in campaignsNot used in campaigns

Antibiotics Messages BG FR GB EL IT PL Use antibiotics for right things Always finish your course Preserve effective antibiotics Don’t overuse antibiotics Antimicrobial resistance Used in campaignsNot used in campaigns

Antibiotics Slogans Use antibiotics less, and in the right way (BELG)Use antibiotics less, and in the right way (BELG) Use them for the right reason (BELG)Use them for the right reason (BELG) Antibiotics aren’t automatic (FR)Antibiotics aren’t automatic (FR) Don’t Wear Me Out (UK)Don’t Wear Me Out (UK) Ask about your antibiotics (UK)Ask about your antibiotics (UK) Antibiotics Don’t Work on ColdsAntibiotics Don’t Work on Colds “Safe Drugs” (POL)“Safe Drugs” (POL)

Respiratory Hygiene - Visuals

Respiratory Hygiene - Who Health Service General Public (adult) School Aged BG FR GB EL IT PL Targets this audienceDoesn’t Target this audience

Respiratory Hygiene Messages Get your vaccination Cold / flu information Sinus infection information BG FR GB EL IT PL Used in campaignsNot used in campaigns

Respiratory Hygiene Slogans Adopt these gestures to protect us (FR)Adopt these gestures to protect us (FR) Coughs and sneezes spread diseases (UK)Coughs and sneezes spread diseases (UK) Sneeze in your sleeve (Sweden, Canada, USA)Sneeze in your sleeve (Sweden, Canada, USA) Often, no repeated or iconic ‘slogans’ Mainly information focused

Section 1(b) - Summary No overall ‘European’ look of campaignsNo overall ‘European’ look of campaigns No single defining characters or slogansNo single defining characters or slogans Lack of existing campaigns aimed at school pupils in antibiotics usageLack of existing campaigns aimed at school pupils in antibiotics usage Lack of respiratory hygiene campaigns that focus on spread of infectionLack of respiratory hygiene campaigns that focus on spread of infection

a)The science school curriculum content associate partner countries b)Public antibiotic or hand hygiene campaigns and existing websites c)Pattern of antibiotic use, infectious disease and countries customs and cultures d)Details of Stakeholders who would be interested in the use and dissemination of the packs e)Details of other pan-European campaigns

1(c) Patterns of… We asked AP’s to give us details of patterns of:We asked AP’s to give us details of patterns of: Antibiotic UsageAntibiotic Usage Population DynamicsPopulation Dynamics InfectionInfection Focus on important results for e-BugFocus on important results for e-Bug Differences between countriesDifferences between countries Important messagesImportant messages Interesting resultsInteresting results

Antibiotic Availability In all countries, antibiotics only available with prescriptionIn all countries, antibiotics only available with prescription Exception: Greece allows prescription and over counter UK and Poland allow very limited topical antibiotic OTC UK and Poland allow very limited topical antibiotic OTC

Antibiotics - Advertising Across all countries, no advertising to publicAcross all countries, no advertising to public Exception: Czech Republic, where advertising allowed in all media

Antibiotics - Usage Reasons for over-prescribingReasons for over-prescribing –Patient pressure –Caution Including the inability to properly diagnose.Including the inability to properly diagnose. –Socio-cultural factors

Population Dynamics Across Europe there is a significant mix of raceAcross Europe there is a significant mix of race In e-Bug we will ensure that there is a mix of race in human charactersIn e-Bug we will ensure that there is a mix of race in human characters The national language is taught to all citizensThe national language is taught to all citizens No need for multiple language versions of e-Bug for any countryNo need for multiple language versions of e-Bug for any country Exception: Belgium

Patterns of Infection No strong themes relevant for e-Bug as a wholeNo strong themes relevant for e-Bug as a whole Individual countries may have pack tailored to their country’s recent outbreaks.Individual countries may have pack tailored to their country’s recent outbreaks.

a)The science school curriculum content associate partner countries b)Public antibiotic or hand hygiene campaigns and existing websites c)Pattern of antibiotic use, infectious disease and countries customs and cultures d)Details of Stakeholders who would be interested in the use and dissemination of the packs e)Details of other pan-European school education campaigns

Stakeholders During pack developmentDuring pack development Ministries of HealthMinistries of Health Ministries of EducationMinistries of Education Schools / TeachersSchools / Teachers For Pack ImplementationFor Pack Implementation Schools / teachersSchools / teachers Education ShowsEducation Shows Outreach ProgrammesOutreach Programmes Microbiological SocietiesMicrobiological Societies

a)The science school curriculum content associate partner countries b)Public antibiotic or hand hygiene campaigns and existing websites c)Pattern of antibiotic use, infectious disease and countries customs and cultures d)Details of Stakeholders who would be interested in the use and dissemination of the packs e)Details of other pan-European campaigns

Pan European Campaigns Healthy CitiesHealthy Cities Help For a life without tobaccoHelp For a life without tobacco European Sexual Awareness eventsEuropean Sexual Awareness events Red Cross European Road Safety CampaignRed Cross European Road Safety Campaign

Pan European Education Campaigns CALIBRATECALIBRATE supporting the collaborative use and exchange of learning resources in schoolssupporting the collaborative use and exchange of learning resources in schools EurydiceEurydice Information network on education in EuropeInformation network on education in Europe EuropaEuropa Higher education in EuropeHigher education in Europe InsightInsight Examining e-learning across EuropeExamining e-learning across Europe My EuropeMy Europe Community of over 6000 schools learning about what it means to be EuropeanCommunity of over 6000 schools learning about what it means to be European

Thank you Any comments?