1 New Frontiers with LSST: leveraging world facilities Tony Tyson Director, LSST Project University of California, Davis Science with the 8-10 m telescopes in the era of the ELTs and the JWST Science with the 8-10 m telescopes in the era of the ELTs and the JWST IAC, La Palma, July 25, 2009 Tony Tyson Director, LSST Project University of California, Davis Science with the 8-10 m telescopes in the era of the ELTs and the JWST Science with the 8-10 m telescopes in the era of the ELTs and the JWST IAC, La Palma, July 25, 2009

2 Long history of discovery via sky surveys

3 Optical Near IR PTF SDSS CFH-L LSST DLS NWDS GOODS BTC CFH-LNWDS Constant A  t UDF HDF VST PS1 Optical and Near IR Sky Surveys Petabytes VISTA DPOSS

4 Technology drives the New Sky MicroelectronicsMicroelectronics SoftwareSoftware Large Optics FabricationLarge Optics Fabrication MicroelectronicsMicroelectronics SoftwareSoftware Large Optics FabricationLarge Optics Fabrication

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6 Comprehensive understanding of new astrophysical phenomena requires multi-wavelength and/or temporal investigations using a variety of instruments on multiple facilities. Because of cost these large facilities or instruments tend to be unique. Astronomy thus must evolve to a coordinated collaboration of world facilities. GTC is perfect for co-observing with LSST to leverage discovery. The shared sky overlap and the joint science discovery space is more than sufficient.

8 LSST All Hands Meeting at NCSA, May 19-23, 2008

megapixel camera

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13 The LSST site

14 DSS: digitized photographic plates 7.5 arcminutes

15 Sloan Digital Sky Survey

16 LSST -- almost GTC field of view ~100alertspernight 2800galaxies i<25 mag i<25 mag

17 10-year simulation: limiting magnitude per band Opsim1.29 Dec 2008

18 The LSST surveys will overlap 11,500 deg 2 with the GTC AO observable sky. In that overlap area there are:  2.3 billion galaxies brighter than 25th i AB mag with photometric redshifts in the LSST data,  5000 to 50,000 variable or transient alerts per night from LSST. In other words, the overlap area is not a constraint on GTC-LSST science.

19 LSST Science Charts New Territory Probing Dark Matter And Dark Energy Mapping the Milky Way Finding Near Earth Asteroids

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21 Number of visits per field in Deep Wide Survey

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23 4 billion galaxies with redshifts 4 billion galaxies with redshifts Time domain: Time domain: 1 million supernovae 1 million supernovae 1 million galaxy lenses 1 million galaxy lenses 5 million asteroids 5 million asteroids new phenomena new phenomena LSST survey

24 Data Management is a distributed system that leverages world-class facilities and cyber-infrastructure Long-Haul Communications Chile - U.S. & w/in U.S. 2.5 Gbps avg, 10 Gbps peak Archive Center NCSA, Champaign, IL 100 to 250 TFLOPS, 75 PB Data Access Centers U.S. (2) and Chile (1) 45 TFLOPS, 87 PB Mountain Summit/Base Facility Cerro Pachon, La Serena, Chile 25 TFLOPS, 150 TB 1 TFLOPS = 10^12 floating point operations/second 1 PB = 2^50 bytes or ~10^15 bytes

25 LSST Survey  Begin operations in 2015, with 3-Gigapixel camera  One 6-Gigabyte image every 17 seconds  30 Terabytes every night for 10 years  200-Petabyte final image data archive anticipated  20-Petabyte final database catalog anticipated  Real-Time Event Mining: 10, ,000 events per night, every night, for 10 yrs  Repeat images of the entire night sky every 3 nights

26 The Data Challenge  ~3 Terabytes per hour that must be mined in real time.  20 billion objects will be monitored for important variations in real time.  A new approach must be developed for knowledge extraction in real time.

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28 DATA PRODUCTS

29 Risk taking: What is the role of 8-10m telescopes >2015?  use of multiple facilities: planning, collaborations  access to experimental observing modes and novel instrumentation experiments  in an ELT/JWST era the 8-10m telescopes can play a critical enabling role for scientific discovery. The sociology may be novel, but so too will the scientific discoveries.

30 We cannot guess what currently unknown types of objects or phenomena will be discovered. But we can rest assured that collaborations of world facilities will be required for the full exploration of the resulting science.

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32 Currently planned LSST surveys Deep Wide Survey: 20,000 square degrees to a uniform depth of u: 26.7 g: 27.4 r: 27.7 i: 26.9 z: 26.1 y: 24.9 Northern Ecliptic: 3300 square degrees ~2.1 pairs per lunation Deep-Drilling: 500 square degrees Continuous 15 sec exposures Galactic Plane: 1700 square degrees to uniform depth of u: 26.1 g: 26.5 r: 26.1 i: 25.6 z: 24.9 y: 23.5 South Pole: 1700 square degrees to a uniform depth of u: 25.5 g: 26.4 r: 26.0 i: 25.3 z: 25.0 y:23.4

33 Currently planned LSST surveys Deep Wide Survey: Deep Wide Survey: 20,000 square degrees to a uniform depth of u: 26.7 g: 27.4 r: 27.7 i: 26.9 z: 26.1 y: 24.9 Northern Ecliptic: Northern Ecliptic: 3300 square degrees ~2.1 pairs per lunation Deep-Drilling: Deep-Drilling: 500 square degrees Continuous 15 sec exposures Galactic Plane: Galactic Plane: 1700 square degrees to uniform depth of u: 26.1 g: 26.5 r: 26.1 i: 25.6 z: 24.9 y: 23.5 South Pole: 1700 square degrees to a uniform depth of u: 25.5 g: 26.4 r: 26.0 i: 25.3 z: 25.0 y:23.4

34 Example time window function