1.4 1.4 4.1 1.4 1.4 1.4 COMMUNICATING FOR SUCCESS Copyright 2013 © WSCAP Washington State Apprentice Program COMMUNICATING FOR SUCCESS 1.4 Principles of Electricity COMMUNICATING FOR SUCCESS COMMUNICATING FOR SUCCESS COMMUNICATING FOR SUCCESS COMMUNICATING FOR SUCCESS COMMUNICATING FOR SUCCESS COMMUNICATING FOR SUCCESS COMMUNICATING FOR SUCCESS 1.4 4.1 1.4 1.4 1.4 Copyright 2013 © WSCAP Washington State Apprentice Program Copyright 2013 © WSCAP Washington State Apprentice Program Copyright 2013 © WSCAP Washington State Apprentice Program Copyright 2013 © WSCAP Washington State Apprentice Program

ELECTRICITY Electricity is a form of energy that, when in motion, exhibits magnetic, chemical, or thermal effects. Electricity is a flow of electrons, which are negatively charged subatomic particles.

ELECTRICITY A. Electric Current B. Conductor Flow of electricity along a conductor B. Conductor Any substance, material, or medium that conducts electricity C. Insulator (Nonconductor) Rubber Wood Glass Cement

ELECTRICITY D. Complete Circuit The path of an electric current from the generating source through conductors back to its original source

TYPES OF ELECTRIC CURRENT A. Direct Current (DC) Constant, even-flowing current, traveling in one direction B. Alternating Current (AC) Rapid, interrupted current flowing in one direction then in the opposite direction C. Converters Used to change direct current into alternating current D. Rectifiers Used to change alternating current into direct current

TYPES OF ELECTRIC CURRENT Electrical Measurements Volt Ampere (AM-peer) Milliampere (mil-ee-AM-peer) Ohm Watt Kilowatt Figure 7-16 Figure 7-17

TYPES OF ELECTRIC CURRENT Safety Devices Fuse Circuit breaker Electrical Equipment Safety Inspect regularly. Never overload circuits. Check for UL (Underwriter’s Laboratory) approval. Ensure that appliances are grounded.

TYPES OF ELECTRIC CURRENT Hints for the Safe Use of Electricity Ensure UL certification. Study instructions on use of equipment. Disconnect appliances when not in use. Inspect all electrical equipment regularly. Keep wires, plugs, and equipment in good repair. Use one plug per outlet. Avoid contact with water or metal when using electricity. Do not leave the room when client is connected to any electrical device. Keep cords off floor to avoid tripping. Do not attempt to clean around electric outlets while equipment is plugged in.

TYPES OF ELECTRIC CURRENT Hints for the Safe Use of Electricity Do not touch two metallic objects at the same time if either is connected to current. Do not step on or set objects on electrical cords. Do not allow cords to become twisted or bent. Disconnect appliances by pulling plug, not cord. Do not attempt to repair electrical appliances unless you are qualified. Never tamper with wiring or plugs to get them to fit into a receptacle they were not designed for.

ELECTROTHERAPY Wall Plate Modalities Electrode Polarity Facial stimulator Modalities Currents Electrode Apparatus that conducts electric current from a machine to the client’s skin Polarity Positive or negative state of electric current

ELECTROTHERAPY Polarity Test #1 Polarity Test #2 Separate tips and immerse in salt water. Turn the selector switch to galvanic current. As water is decomposed, more active bubbles will accumulate at negative pole. Polarity Test #2 Place tips of two conducting cords on two separate pieces of blue moistened litmus paper. Paper under positive pole will turn red. Paper under negative pole will remain blue.

ELECTROTHERAPY Galvanic Current Positive Pole Results Active electrode Inactive electrode Positive pole, anode, red Negative pole, cathode, black Positive Pole Results Produces acidic reactions Closes pores Soothes nerves Decreases blood supply Contracts blood vessels Hardens or firms tissues

ELECTROTHERAPY Negative Pole Results Produces alkaline reactions Opens pores Stimulates and irritates nerves Increases blood supply to skin Expands blood vessels Softens tissues Iontophoresis (eye-ahn-toh-foh-REE-sus) Process of introducing water-soluble products into the skin with the use of electric current Cataphoresis (kat-uh-fuh-REE-sus) Anaphoresis (an-uh-for-EES-sus) Desincrustation (des-in-krus-TAY-shun)

ELECTROTHERAPY Faradic Current Benefits Sinusoidal Current Benefits Improves muscle tone Promotes waste product removal Increases blood circulation Relieves congested blood Increases glandular activity Stimulates hair growth Increases metabolism Sinusoidal Current Benefits Supplies greater stimulation; less irritating than faradic Soothes nerves, penetrates muscle tissue Best suited for nervous clients

ELECTROTHERAPY CAUTIONS for Faradic and Sinusoidal Currents Do not use if it causes pain or discomfort. Do not use if face is very florid. Do not use if client has gold-filled teeth, high blood pressure, or pustular condition of skin. Tesla High-Frequency Current Has high rate of oscillation or vibration Used for scalp and facial treatments Used to treat thinning hair, itchy scalp, and excessively oily or dry skin Figure 7-24

ELECTROTHERAPY Benefits of Tesla Current Stimulates circulation of blood Increases glandular activity Aids in elimination and absorption Increases metabolism Improved germicidal action Relieves congestion

OTHER ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT Conventional Hood Dryer For drying hair Electric Curling Irons For curling hair Heating Caps For scalp treatments Processing or Accelerating Machine Accelerates hair services Steamer or Vaporizer For facials Vibrator For massage Blow Dryer

LIGHT THERAPY Therapeutic Lamps Ultraviolet Rays (UV) produce same rays as the sun. produce thermal, mechanical, and chemical effects. Ultraviolet Rays (UV) Short wavelengths Least penetrating rays Chemical effects Benefits of Ultraviolet Rays Kill germs Produce vitamin D on skin Treat psoriasis Treat acne Stimulate production of melanin

LIGHT THERAPY Disadvantages of Ultraviolet Rays May cause sunburn May cause skin cancer Application of Ultraviolet Rays Lamp should be 30 inches to 36 inches from skin. Exposure should last only 2 to 3 minutes Exposure can be increased gradually to 7 to 8 minutes. Infrared Rays 60% of natural light Penetrate the deepest Produce the most heat Have long wavelengths

LIGHT THERAPY Visible Light Rays White light Blue light Red light

SUMMARY Electricity plays an important role in the everyday operations of a cosmetology salon. A general understanding of electricity and the various currents is very important because of the devices and equipment used in salon services. We cannot perform skin care services safely and effectively without understanding which form of electrical current gives the best results for the desired service.