Integumentary System Diaz, Deliz Harrington, Mikaela Maya, Danna Soarez, Jenny Urra, John-Paul

Parts of the System Made up of skin, hair, and nails. Skin is the major organ of the system. It is made up of 3 layers: Epidermis- Outermost layer; 5 sub-layers, no blood vessels or nerves. Dermis- Elastic connective tissue, contains blood vessels, nerves, involuntary muscle, sweat glands, & hair follicles. Subcutaneous fascia (hypodermis)- Innermost layer; made up of elastic & fibrous connective tissue, fatty tissue, and it connects to underlying muscles.

Parts of the Nail

Parts of the Hair Follicle

Functions Protection- Barrier to the suns ultraviolet rays, pathogens & germs. Holds in moisture. Sensory Perception- The nerves help body to respond to pain, pressure, temperature, and touch sensations. Body temperature regulation- Blood vessels help body retain or lose heat. Storage- Tissues are temporary storage for fats, glucose, water, vitamins, and salts.

Functions continued… Absorption- Substances can be absorbed through the skin, called transdermal medication. Excretion- Skin eliminates salt, waste, & excess water Production- Skin helps in the production of Vitamin D using UV rays from the sun.

Pigmentation Skin color is determined by pigments in the epidermis. Melanin, a pigment, is produced in the epidermis by melanocytes. Every person has the same number of melanocytes, racial groups is what determines the amount of melanin produced.

Complications of Pigmentation A person with an absence of pigments is an albino. Erythema is the reddish color of the skin caused by burns or congestion of blood in the vessels. Jaundice is a yellow discoloration of the skin. Indicates bile in the blood.

Skin Eruptions Macules- Papules- Vesicles- Pustules- Ulcer- flat spots firm, raised areas Vesicles- blisters Pustules- pus-filled sacs Ulcer- deep loss of skin 2 1 3 4 5

Melanoma Malignant tumor caused by the changes of melanocytes. Most likely to have melanoma if the person: has fair skin lives in a sunny climate or high altitude uses tanning devices Symptoms- Asymmetry Borders Color Diameter Evolution

Treatment Surgery The cancer and 1 cm of surrounding skin is removed Chemotherapy Medicines kill cancer cells Immunotherapy Medications assist immune system Radiation treatments Relieves pain or discomfort

Dermatitis Inflammation of the skin Results from direct contact with allergens or irritants Common in babies and children; people who live in dry climates Symptoms- Itching Pain Stinging Sores Burning Swelling Blisters Thick or scaly skin

Treatment Skin creams or ointments that control swelling Antibiotics to treat infections Antihistamines Medications that suppress immune system

Psoriasis Skin redness and irritation Not contagious Can trigger if exposed to: Bacteria or viral infections Dry air or skin Injury Stress Too much or little sunlight Too much alcohol Weak immune system Symptoms- Irritated, red, flaky patches Itchy Raised and thick skin

Treatment Lotions, ointments, creams, and shampoos Pills or injections that affect the immune system Phototherapy- skin is exposed to UV light.

Careers Allergist- Corrects or improves the appearance of physical features. Diagnoses and treats conditions/diseases of the skin, hair, and nails. Diagnoses and treats allergies. 4 years of premedical college 4 years of Medical school 4 years of medical school 3 years of residency training Internship 1 or 2 years fellowship program 3 years residency 2 years of fellowship program $243,000-$319,000 $282,000-$460,000 $192,000-$247,000 Plastic Surgeon- Dermatologist-

Medical Abbreviations BMK SG birthmark skin graft Bx Subq biopsy subcutaneous HD UV Hansen disease (leprosy) ultraviolet ID intradermal

Medical Terminology cutane/o breathe through skin pil/o derm/o hair prurit/o erythem/o itching flushed, redness pseudo- graph/o false writing psor/o onych/o nail ungu/o papul/o papule, pimple perspir/o

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