Reproduction & Development Videos 1 -Ovulation 1 -Ovulation  1 - Ovulation 1 - Ovulation 2 - The Menstrual Cycle 2 - The Menstrual Cycle  2 - The Menstrual Cycle 2 - The Menstrual Cycle 3 - Conception 3 - Conception  3 - Conception 3 - Conception 4 - Human Development 4 - Human Development  4 - Human Development 4 - Human Development 5 - Amniocentesis 5 - Amniocentesis  5 - Amniocentesis 5 - Amniocentesis 6 - Vasectomy 6 - Vasectomy  6 - Vasectomy 6 - Vasectomy 7 - Formation of Twins 7 - Formation of Twins  7 - Formation of Twins 7 - Formation of Twins  8 - Human Embryonic Stem Cells 8 - Human Embryonic Stem Cells 8 - Human Embryonic Stem Cells 9 - Animal Cloning 9 - Animal Cloning  9 - Animal Cloning 9 - Animal Cloning

CLEAVAGE CLEAVAGE

Zebrafish Embryonic Development Zebrafish Embryonic Development

The 3 germ layers differentiate into various tissues/organs

The diversity of cells in the human body are the result of differentiation Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology (5th Edition), Martini. (2001). Page 65.

Chain dogfish embryo in egg case & outside of egg case Chain dogfish embryo in egg case & outside of egg case

Bird eggs & snake eggs have an outer protective shell

Turtles also lay eggs

CHICKEN EGG

Garter snakes undergo live birth

Mammals have a placenta that nourishes the embryo/fetus

The duckbill platypus & spiny anteater are egg-laying mammals

Kangaroos & Opossums

Koalas & Tasmanian Devils

Human Reproduction

Male Reproductive System Male Reproductive System

Sperm cells mature in the epididymis

VASECTOMY

Female Reproductive System

Female Reproductive System Female Reproductive System

Each ovary contains thousands of maturing follicles --- Each follicle contains ONE maturing egg

IMPLANTATION

IMPLANTATION IMPLANTATION

Ectoderm & Endoderm Ectoderm & Endoderm

Mesoderm begins to form Mesoderm begins to form

Embryonic Disc Formation Embryonic Disc Formation

ECTOPIC PREGNANCY ECTOPIC PREGNANCY

OVARIAN CANCER

Tubal Ligation is the female version of a vasectomy Tubal Ligation is the female version of a vasectomy

The Menstrual Cycle The Menstrual Cycle

1) Follicle Stage  The anterior pituitary gland secretes FSH  The maturing follicle in turn secretes estrogen  thickens the uterine walls  days

2) Ovulation  Elevated estrogen levels cause the anterior pituitary to secrete LH  LH causes the mature follicle to rupture, releasing the egg (oocyte)  Day 14 (about midway)

3) Corpus Luteum Stage  The empty follicle fills with fluid to become the corpus luteum  The corpus luteum secretes the hormone progesterone  Progesterone maintains the continued growth of the uterus  days

4) Menstruation  If the egg is NOT fertilized by sperm, progesterone levels decrease and the uterus begins to break down  3-5 days

In Vitro Fertilization

The placenta nourishes the embryo via the umbilical cord

Blood from the mother & fetus never mix, BUT… Blood from the mother & fetus never mix, BUT…

FAS = Fetal Alcohol Syndrome FAS = Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Effects of FAS include birth defects, mental retardation & abnormal facial features

If a pregnant woman gets RUBELLA (German measles), she can pass the virus on to her baby  Rash, fever, heart defects, blindness, deafness & mental retardation

Meconium = baby’s first stool

AMNIOCENTESIS

Identical & Fraternal Twins

Conjoined Twins

FSH & LH are both released by the pituitary gland

Birth Control Pill

Prolactin is released by the pituitary gland

Oxytocin causes uterine muscle contraction

Pituitary Gland Hormones