Anthropology... It is important to confirm what we know or disprove what we think we know and anthropologists are great at that is the study of human kind in different time periods and of different cultures  Biological AND cultural portions of humanity

The most effective way to view a culture is with Participant observation. Being an active observer is the least invasive way to collect data and facts about a culture and you are less likely to effect the culture or change it in any way.

The 4 Inter-related parts of culture… Physical Environment Level of Technology Social Organization System of Symbols

Sources of Change 1) Discovery: finding something that was unknown, changes beliefs/views on unknown facts 2) Invention: new ideas and products created based on the needs of society 3) Diffusion: the spreading/sharing of practices and methods between cultures Methods of Adaption 1) Diffusion: cultures BORROWING ideas/methods with each other (across the globe) 2) Acculturation: prolonged CONTACT between cultures results in interchanging ideas and methods (local) 3) Cultural Evolution: societies evolving according to predictable patterns Social Change

Structuralism According to this view the world is scene in two different ways or as binary opposites i.e. black and white. This view shows society's good things and bad things like its ok to have a fire camping but not in the middle of a unvented living room

Functionalism In this view all cultures are made to deal with universal problems that strike the world. Societies must have a set standard of laws and practices to provide stability. These would be referred to as social institutions.

Looks at cultural Looks at cultural through development of economy and technology Explores economic Explores economicproduction Assumes that laws fit Assumes that laws fit equally to all societies and is considered biased Cultural Materialism

four main subdivisionsfour main subdivisions

Anthropology Study of humankind throughout the ages and around the world, looking biologically and culturally 4 Main Subdivisions Cultural: anything cultural Physical: related to evolution Archaeological: prehistory & remains Linguistic: languages Anthropologists discovered that to live in a culture as an active participant rather than simply an observer you gain the most knowledge – it is the best way to study Why do we need anthropologists? To clarify things from our intuitions  they disprove what we believe to be true, or vice versa Kinship Idea varies between cultures Defines marriage in 3 ways: mating (marriage), birth (descent), nurturance (adoption) Their skills -Participant observation -Collection of stats -Field interviews -Comp of detailed notes -Ethnography Schools of Thought Structuralism: attempts to see as a whole, social functions within institutions, sees cultures as more stable than they are Functionalism: sees based on common things in human mind, based on opposites, too heavy on logic  overemphasizes the stability of cultures Cultural Materialism: sees through technology/economy, looks at individ.’s decisions w/ economy and reproduction, tries to apply laws to all cultures, sees through biased eyes Social Change Changes in social structure & institutions Sources of change Invention: new products & ideas Discovery: learn a previously unknown thing Diffusion: spreading of tools/ideas/etc. 1) Physical Environment 2) Level of Technology 3) Social Organization 4) System of Symbols Culture: Four Inter-related Parts Methods of Social Change Happens in 3 methods Diffusion: one culture borrows symbols form another Acculturation: prolonged contact Cultural Evolution: cultures evolve according to common patterns