Arctic Observing Summit April 2013 Vancouver, Canada Martin Visbeck GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel and Kiel University, Germany Sustained (ocean) Observations in the Context of Global Sustainability

Arctic Ocean Observations Eberhard Fahrbach 21. April 2013

An (ocean) observing system must be created and sustained in the Arctic. The system should be tailored to provide distinct services to society, with attention to the needs of specific user-groups.

Arctic Societies

Where are the sustainable development solutions? Opportunities? Arctic Futures? How do we measure progress? Where are the sustainable development solutions? Opportunities? Arctic Futures? How do we measure progress?

Science and Technology Alliance for Global Sustainability 10 WMO as observer

Future Earth: building from the GEC programmes Global Environmental Change Programmes and Projects and their partnership 2013 FUTURE EARTH

To provide the knowledge required for societies in the world to face risks posed by global environmental change and to seize opportunities in a transition to global sustainability

Criteria for Future Earth Research From fundamental to actionable Earth system research for global sustainability Answer complex questions that require international collaboration Co-design and co-production of knowledge Integrates natural, economic, engineering, arts, humanities and social sciences Regional to global scale

- Cross scale interactions from local to regional and global scales Global sustainability within earth system boundaries

Co-designing Information

Transformations toward Sustainability Dynamic Planet Global Development Research Themes

Dynamic Planet States and Trends States and Trends Approaches and Models Approaches and Models Critical Zones Critical Zones observing understanding projecting environment societal system explaining thresholds coasts tropical forests polar regions drivers

Global Development ecosystem services ecosystem services stewardship of resources stewardship of resources equitable access equitable access materials fisheries clean air biodiversity Trade-offs climate change food security water availability healthy environment mining

Transformation toward Sustainability Innovation and ideas Innovation and ideas transformation process transformation process global and regional governance global and regional governance development options assessment of policies decision making trade-offs emerging technology International law incentives regional enforcement economy mega-cities

To facilitate integration across research themes, science will be supported by a set of cross-cutting capabilities in science and outreach (many delivered through partnerships). ActivityPossible Partners C1Observing SystemsGCOS, GEOSS, … C2Data SystemsWorld Data Systems, … C3Earth System ModelingModeling Centers C4Theory DevelopmentISSC, Disciplinary unions O1Synthesis and AssessmentsIPCC, IPBES, AoA, … O2Capacity Development and EducationSTART, UNESCO.. O3Communication O4Science-Policy Interface and interactionsUNEP.. Cross Cutting Capabilities

OceanObs’09 identified tremendous opportunities, significant challenges Called for a framework for planning and moving forward with an enhanced global sustained ocean observing system over the next decade, integrating new physical, biogeochemical, biological observations while sustaining present observations A Framework for Ocean Observing: best practices for the Global Ocean Observing System

” Measuring what we must manage” Jacqueline McGlade European Environment Agency

Input (Requirements) Output (Data & Products) Process (Observations) Framework for Ocean Observing A simple system

Framework for Ocean Observing

We cannot measure everything, nor do we need to basis for including new elements of the system, for expressing requirements at a high level Driven by requirements, negotiated with feasibility Allows for innovation in the observing system over time Driven by requirements, negotiated with feasibility Essential Ocean Variables

Towards sustained system: requirements, observations, data management Readiness

Framework for Ocean Observing Societal drivers next decade Albert Fischer

AWI Sea-Ice Physics

Physical Properties of Sea Ice PAMARCMIP since 2009

D ISCOVERY : S EAICE - E COSYSTEM changes in sea ice productivity and export impact benthic ecosystems (Melosira arctica released from thawing ice feeds holothurians at the deep-sea floor) Boetius et al. Science 339 (2013)

Chair: Lynne Talley North Atlantic SST (70 o W - 0, o N) Significant Warming The sea surface temperature in the North Atlantic Ocean has warmed over the last 100 years by more than 0.5°C. However, significant multidecadal variability is visible and one of the foci of ocean research. Some aspects are understood, other are not.

Regional Warming of the Oceans (Wu et al 2012) Regional difference are quite apparent even when averaging over 100 years. The combined model-data analysis suggests that the main boundary currents might have shifted poleward. Sea Surface Temperature trends Warming rates in °C pro century after removing the global average of 0.62.

Robotics

Argo – a global network of profiling floats

ARGO profiling float network

Global Heat Contend Changes Deep Ocean Warming The upper layers of the ocean have stored ~90% of the excess heat trapped in the Earth System due to ‘global warming’.

F RAM S TRAIT O BSERVTORY (H AUSGARTEN ): AVAILABLE COMPONENTS AND FUTURE VISION

F RAM S TRAIT O BSERVTORY (H AUSGARTEN ): E COSYSTEM OBSERVATION AND EXPERIMENTAL WORK

Arctic Observing Summit April 2013 Vancouver, Canada The MyOcean choice … in the service to users n One single service desk n One entry point to the MyOcean pan- european information n Connected to all production units in Europe n Open and free data policy n Open access, Free access n Open and free data policy n Open access, Free access n Commitments through Service Level Agreements (SLA)

Arctic Observing Summit April 2013 Vancouver, Canada The field of knowledge is the common property of all mankind, and any discoveries we can make in it will be for the benefit... of every other nation, as well as our own. Thomas Jefferson 1807 UNECE Aarhus Convention