Starter: Match up the key words with the correct definitions. birth rate the annual number of deaths of infants less than one year old per 1,000 live births. death rate the number of years that an individual is expected to live as determined by statistics. natural increase the number of births per 1000 people in a year. infant mortality rate is the number of extra people (birth rate minus the death rate). This is usually given as a percentage. Life expectancy the number of deaths per 1000 people in a year.

Starter: Match up the key words with the correct definitions. the annual number of deaths of infants less than one year old per 1,000 live births. the number of years that an individual is expected to live as determined by statistics. the number of births per 1000 people in a year. is the number of extra people (birth rate minus the death rate). This is usually given as a percentage. the number of deaths per 1000 people in a year.

Starter: Match up the key words with the correct definitions. Infant Mortality the annual number of deaths of infants less than one year old per 1,000 live births. Life Expectancy the number of years that an individual is expected to live as determined by statistics. Birth Rate the number of births per 1000 people in a year. Natural Increase is the number of extra people (birth rate minus the death rate). This is usually given as a percentage. Death Rate the number of deaths per 1000 people in a year.

Population Pyramids Learning Objectives: To be able to identify key features of a population pyramid (Level 1). To be able to describe what population pyramids show (Level 2). To be able to explain population pyramids and compare LEDCs and MEDCs (Level 3.)

Can you explain this graph?

Population Structure The population structure of a country is how it is made up of people of different ages, and of males and females. The common method to show the structure is by a population pyramid. This diagram is made up by putting two bar graphs (one for male, one for female) side by side. From this you can read off what percentage of a population is of a certain gender and age range.

Population Structure - Developing Countries (LEDCs) In the example below 4% of the population are females aged between 25 and 29.

This population pyramid is wide at the base, which means there are a large proportion of young people in the country. It tapers very quickly as you go up into the older age groups, and is narrow at the top. This shows that a very small proportion of people are elderly. This shape of pyramid is typical of a developing country, such as Kenya or Vietnam.

Population Structure - Developed Countries (MEDCs) This shape is typical of a developed country. It is narrow at the base, wider in the middle, and stays quite wide until the very top, as there is a sizable percentage of older people. Note that there are more old women than men. Italy and Japan have population structures that are of this shape.

This pyramid is typical of a country such as Kenya or Vietnam. Narrower at the base which means that birth rates are lower. Developing Country Wide at the base which means there are a large proportion of young people in the country. Wide at the top because there is longer life expectancy. 4% of the population is female aged 25-29. Narrow at the top which shows that there is a small proportion of elderly people. Wider in the middle which means that people are living longer, less infant mortality. Developed Country This pyramid is typical of a country such as Italy and Japan.

Task 1 – Identify key features Narrow at the top which shows that there is a small proportion of elderly people. Wider in the middle which means that people are living longer, less infant mortality. Wide at the top because there is longer life expectancy. 4% of the population is female aged 25-29. Developing Country (LEDCs) Developed Country (MEDCs) Wide at the base which means there are a large proportion of young people in the country. This pyramid is typical of a country such as Kenya or Vietnam. This pyramid is typical of a country such as Italy and Japan. Narrower at the base which means that birth rates are lower.

Progress? Learning Objective 1. To be able to identify the key features of a population pyramid.

Choropleth Map to show Global Birth Rates

Birth Rates MEDCs have low birth rates because: It is expensive to look after large families More women prefer to concentrate on their careers Increasing sexual equality has meant women have more control over their own fertility There is a ready availability of contraception and family planning advice

Birth Rates LEDCs have high birth rates because: Many parents will have a lot of children in the expectation that some will die because of the high infant mortality rate Large families can help in looking after the farm The children will be able to look after their parents if they become old or sick; there may not be an old age pension scheme There may be a shortage of family planning facilities and advice                                                                         

The infant mortality rates are higher in LEDCs The infant mortality rates are higher in LEDCs. The reasons for these higher rates are that developing countries often have: A shortage of medical services A greater number of children born to mothers Poor nutrition of mothers and babies Less knowledge of health matters Dirty water supplies The chances of surviving to your fifth birthday depends on where in the world you are born.

Death Rates

Why are there differences between Birth Rates and Death Rates in different countries? LEDCs have high death rates because, in many cases, there are: Dirty, unreliable water supplies Poor housing conditions Poor access to medical services Endemic disease in some countries Diets that are short in calories and/or protein MEDCs have low death rates because, in many cases, there are: Good housing conditions Safe water supplies More than enough food to eat Advanced medical services which are easy to access Some developed countries have a high death rate as they have an ageing population with many older people.

BR - BR - BR - PROGRESS? DR - DR - DR - LE - LE - LE - 1. 2.

LEDCs have high birth rates LEDCs have high birth rates. This can be seen on the graph as it shows a wide base. The graph of Kenya shows 18% of the population is aged 0-4. This is because in rural areas families choose to have lots of children so that they can help on the farms.

POINTS To be able to identify key features of a population pyramid (Level 1). EVIDENCE 2. To be able to describe what population pyramids show (Level 2). EXPLAIN 3. To be able to explain population pyramids and compare LEDCs and MEDCs (Level 3.)

Population Pyramids Learning Objectives: To be able to identify key features of a population pyramid. To be able to describe what population pyramids show. To be able to explain population pyramids and compare LEDCs and MEDCs

Population Pyramid Assessment Level 1 Able to construct a population pyramid Simple understanding of the graph – makes basic comments Identifies few links to BR, DR and LE, limited detail, uses limited range of specialist vocabulary Level 2 Clear understanding of the graphs Describes differences between BR, DR and LE between Kenya and the UK Occasional detailed examples, using some specialist terms where appropriate Level 3 Detailed understanding of the graph Explains differences between BR, DR and LE between Kenya and the UK Relevant and case study examples used to support answer

True or False A pyramid with a wide base indicates a low birth rate A pyramid with a tall, wide top is an indicator of low life expectancy Developed countries have a high birth rate A large number of people in the 40 to 65 age range indicates a low death rate Japan is a developed country Kenya is a developed country