Digitalization of Scientific Information and Its Dissemination Krishan Lal National Physical Laboratory New Delhi and Usha Mujoo-Munshi Indian National Science Academy New Delhi Jan 2006, 16 th CODATA Task Group DSAO Conference, Bangkok

Some basic facts about R&D in India Major initiatives in digital data generation, storage, archiving and dissemination Projects in the pipeline Outline

R&D Infrastructure

Institutions, Manpower, and Publications National Institutions of Importance13 IIT’s7 Universities306 Deemed Universities89 Medical Colleges164 Engineering Colleges880 Colleges 6500 Source: (R&D directory, NSTMIS, DST, 2001) R&D Institutions: National Organizations, State Institutions, Universities, Private Sector ~3,000

Total Indian Journals ~ 12,000 [2000 core scientific journals] Technical Reports ~ 8000 Theses and Dissertations* ~ 11,500 Patents ( ) Applications FiledPatents GrantedPatents In-force Conferences~1000 *( ) Scientific Information Dissemination

Standards No. of Standards in Force ~ 20,000 Unpublished Research Findings Scientific Information Dissemination…

Books* Total No. of Books Published in India as in 2001 S&TSocial SciencesHumanities ~12,500~21,000~16,000 Research Papers** R&D SecInd. SecS.Sc. &H ~13000~ 2000 ~ 5000 Scientific Information Dissemination… *Indian Books in Print 2001 ( A bibliography of Indian Books Published in English Language ) **R& D Statistics – , DST. Published May 2002

Scientific Information Dissemination… (10 Year Rankings – Top 3 Countries Viz-a-Viz India) Country Rankings among All Countries and All Fields (10 Year Rankings – Top 3 Countries Viz-a-Viz India) Country Research PapersCitations TotalRank*TotalRank* USA2,758,037134,345,5361 Japan699,84024,922,4684 Germany632,26135,802,6563 India184, ,62721 * Rank among all countries in number of papers/citations Source: ESI (1 Jan 1994 – 31 Aug 2004)

Total Top ESI papers Viz-a-Viz India’s Contribution in 10 Years Period ( )

About 160 billion rupees being spent annually on R&D Investment in R&D > 1 % of GDP Contributing ~ 3 % of the world’s publication output India has over 2000 core scientific journals Number of S&T personnel has been * Pursuit and Promotion of Science: The Indian Experience. Indian National Science Academy, New Delhi (p74) Important Indicators

Open Access Initiatives

National Seminars and Workshops Open Access to Scientific Data and Information Open Access and Institutional Repositories – INSA, MS Swaminathan Foundation; Others Open access repositories being set-up International Collaboration INSA - signatory to Berlin Declaration on Open Access INSA actively participating in IAP initiatives Institutional Initiatives

Digital Archives and Institutional E-Print Archives Typical Examples IISc. Bangalore ( INSA ( IIT, Mumbai CSIR laboratories (e.g. National Chemical Laboratory) Some Academic Institutions Institutional Initiatives… Institutional Repositories

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Important Data Centres, Products and Services

National Collection of Industrial micro-organism (NCIM) ( A national facility dedicated to isolation, preservation and distribution of authentic cultures Indian Biodiversity informatics ( NCL Centre for Biodiversity Informatics (NCBI) is an effort to  Collect, collate, analyze, predict and disseminate knowledge about Indian biota and its environ Indian MEDLARS Centre : IndMED ( ) Web based Indian Biomedical database A Bibliographic database of Indian biomedical journals Major Indian Data Centres

National Health Information Collaboration (NHIC) ( Info-highway for health professionals Health InterNetwork India (HIN India) -WHO/ ICMR project ( ) Targeted to serve health service providers, researchers and policy makers Development of Tele-medicine technology Pilot project of DIT, GOI (Demonstration in Indian Pavilion, WSIS Tunis) URDIP: CSIR Unit for Research and Development for Information Products ( Open access to Indian patents and medicinal plants, pollution technologies, CSIR rural technologies, ETD and research reports

Patent Search ( ) Most comprehensive databases on the Patent Bibliography. EPO has been receiving the bibliography of all the patents filed and granted in approximately 71 countries since Database contains over 33 millions references from 1968 onwards ~ 3 millions references are added each year Gateway services for open access resources SciGate: Science Information Portal (IISc) ( ) AeroInfo: Aerospace Virtual Library (NAL)

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Usage Statistics for patinfo.nic.in Summary Period: Last 12 Months Generated 09-Nov :23 IST Summary by Month Month Daily AvgMonthly Totals HitsFilesPagesVisitsSitesKBytesVisitsPagesFilesHits Oct Sep Aug Jul Jun May Apr Mar Feb Jan Dec Nov Totals Close

Typical Examples Indian National Science Academy (INSA)  Full-text of all journals available online for Free, Unlimited & Unrestricted Access Indian Academy of Sciences (IASc), - National MedIND : E-Journal Portals

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Digital Archiving and Information Dissemination

Digital Library of India ( National Mission for Manuscripts  500,000 manuscripts identified in India  150,000 mauscripts from outside India National Missions

Traditional Digital Library (TKDL) ( ) Documents traditional Indian knowledge of Indian health care systems, based on herbal medicines. Dware Dware Gyan Sampada Promoted and supported by C-DAC Vidyanidhi- a digital library initiative for digitizing and hosting theses and dissertations ( Other Important Activities

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Institutions as Access Facilitators

National Level Consortia for access to digital resources  INDEST Consortia (  UGC-INFONET Consortia (  CSIR Consortia. (  Others :(MIT/NIC/DoT) Others  NISCAIR (CSIR) - several other databases/information services (

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Several proposal are at the conceptual stage to promote digital archiving; content creation and information access/dissemination National Digital Library (NDL) -DIT, GOI National Digital Library of Learning Objects by CEC,University Grants Commission Initiatives in the Pipeline

North-south and south-south collaborations essential for fast growth and mutual benefit Need for noted international organizations like CODATA to take lead in these matters High Potential For International Collaboration

Fairly Large resource-base Supporting and promoting access to scientific information by creating  Indigenous digital databases  E-journals  Institutional Repositories  Digital Libraries Providing and facilitating access to digital resources through consortia Not an exhaustive account Summary

Dhanyavad