RISK MANAGEMENT ASHA PATHAK.

Contents 1.What is risk communication? 2.What are risk, hazard and disaster? 3.What is disaster risk communication? 4.Different applications of disaster risk communication.

What is risk communication? “an interactive process of exchange of information and opinion among individuals, groups, and institutions regarding risks” “discussion about risk types and levels and about methods for managing risks” US National Research Council (1983) ExpertsCitizens Risk communication: the basic idea

Risk communication for action Risk communication is also a mutual information sharing process that consists of recognition, evaluation and action. For this purpose, messages conveyed by information need to be properly delivered via appropriate communication media, and interpreted by respective stakeholders.

Applying “disaster” risk communication You need to consider two aspects: (a) Assume that multiple stakeholders are involved. (b) The communication style will vary according to the phase of the disaster risk management cycle you are in.

Aspects of disaster risk communication (a) Multiple stakeholders There are different assumable applications with different involved stakeholders. Information transfer is not one-way but mutual. CITIZENS should be involved because: – They are end victims. – Local knowledge has useful information for disaster management.

Risk communication: Multiple stakeholder idea NGOs Citizens Government Officials Disaster experts Engineers Media

Aspects of disaster risk communication (b) Phase in disaster management cycle modified from Alexander, 2002 BEFORE THE EVENT AFTER THE EVENT IMPACT EARLY WARNING EDUCATION PRE-IMPACT EMERGENCY RESTORATION PREPAREDNESS RECONSTRUCTION Disaster DISASTER

Application of disaster risk communication Early Warning (a) Government engineers, media, citizens (b) Pre-impact and emergency phases Disaster Education (a) Citizens, NGOs (b) Restoration, reconstruction and preparedness phases

Disaster risk communication in developing countries (1) Risk communication as risk management is newly developed. ProVention Consortium: is established by the World Bank Group to support developing countries reduce the risk and social, economic and environmental impacts of disasters.

Lessons from Recent Disasters Lack of disaster preparedness at all levels. Lack of mitigation planning Lack of communication networking and dissemination of information among states Delayed response due to mismanagement of relief, resources, manpower and duty delegation Lack of Interface and Coordination with State, District Administration & Community HUGE LOSS OF LIFE & PROPERTY

Thrust Areas Emergency Operation Centres Multi-purpose Cyclone Shelters Coastal Shelterbelt Plantation National Disaster Information System Early Warning System Contd……… Pre Disaster Preparedness

 Mapping  Disaster Insurance  Capacity Building: Training & Research  Documentation & Data-base Management  Inventory & Equipment Management  Emergency Services  Minimum Standards of Relief for people with special needs

During Disaster Emergency search & rescue Disposal of dead bodies and Carcass Ex-gratia announcement Immediate relief Mobile Hospitals

Post-Disaster After Care Restoration of Basic Facilities Relief & Reconstruction Economic Rehabilitation Psycho-social Rehabilitation Community Mental Health Scientific Damage Assessment

Youth Organizations and Student Bodies like NCC/NSS/ Scouts & Guides to be provided training in Emergency Response and Awareness Generation Media professionals to be sensitised and encouraged to integrate DM components in different programmes for public awareness. AICTE to include disaster mitigation technologies in engineering courses. IITs have taken up an orientation for lecturers/professors in engineering colleges in disaster mitigation technologies. Disaster Management introduced in CBSE School curriculum of classes 8 th, 9 th and 10 th. States advised to include Disaster Management in school curriculum. MHA prepared set of resource materials developed by various organisations / institutions to be replicated and disseminated by State Governments based on their vulnerabilities. Capacity Building Initiative

At Risk behavior is usually a result, NOT usually a result, NOT a cause a cause Poor communication Poor ergonomic job design No supervision Confusing procedures Inadequate Training Imperfect Memories Time pressure Peer Pressure Bad habit Lack of accountability

çHuman behavior is a succession of reactions to stimuli coming from the environment. Hence, human behaviors are modeled by environment. çIf we can analyze the conditions existing in a given environment, we can predict and change behavior. Behavioral science Fundamentals

COMMITMENT “ We need to incorporate disaster risk management into our poverty reduction, development and environmental strategies”,

Turning point: growing Disaster Losses India lost 2.2% of its GDP annually (US$6 billion) due to disasters This highlighted need to have a comprehensive policy on disaster risk reduction and management Reported Catastrophe Losses in India, $US Millions

Political Economy DevelopmentEnvironment Disaster Risk Assessment,Reduction and Management Prevention, Preparedness Response, Recovery Structural measures Infrastructure Environmental shield Retrofitting Non-structural measures Poverty alleviation Empowerment of women Capacity Building Risk transfer, insurance Early Warning Shelter Sustainable Development Search and rescue Intermediary Relief Permanent Disaster Management Framework

Global Trends (risk)- Disasters are NOT natural Natural and human- induced hazards Natural and human- induced hazards Climate change and variables Climate change and variables (global warming and global dimming) (global warming and global dimming) Socio-economic: poverty, unplanned urban growth, lack of awareness and institutional capacities... unplanned urban growth, lack of awareness and institutional capacities... Physical: insufficient land use planning, housing, infrastructures located in hazard prone areas... Environmental degradation ecosystem degradation; coastal, watershed, marshland…), etc. ecosystem degradation; coastal, watershed, marshland…), etc. HAZARDS + EXTREME EVENTS VULNERABILITY Anatomy of “natural” disasters Natural hazard X VulnerabilityDisaster Risk =

Merits of CBDM  Communities are knowledgeable and are often able to predict unfavorable events  They are able to cope with disasters.  This approach helps to enable communities to be more independent during disaster periods and strengthen them to increase their capacities to support their own livelihoods.  The impact of disaster situations on women and capacitates to cope and contribute are different from that of men.

CBDM Process The foundation of community based disaster management is disaster risk reduction The stages in the risk reduction process are as follows:  Selecting the community  Understanding the community  Participatory community risk assessment  Participatory risk reduction planning  Community managed implementation  Monitoring and Evaluation.

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