Review and Aftermath of the French Revolution / Napoleon November 5, 2009

Where we left off… The French Revolution was just about to start and the National Assembly took over with the Tennis Court Oath. In this class we will review the chronology of the French Revolution and Napoleon era and look at the aftermath of these years.

French Revolution Review In this section, we will be constructing a timeline of the French Revolution. I will give a clue, and we will see if you can give the response. Here are two of the events that we left off during my last lesson: June 1789: Tennis Court Oath July 1789: Storming of the Bastille

French Revolution Review A statement of the principles of the National Assembly, this document reflected on the ideas of the Enlightenment and became a creed of the revolution. June 1789: Tennis Court Oath July 1789: Storming of the Bastille August 1789: Declaration of the Rights of Man Drafted

French Revolution Review A particular group of French peasants make the King a “prisoner in Paris” June 1789: Tennis Court Oath July 1789: Storming of the Bastille August 1789: Declaration of the Rights of Man Drafted October 1789: Women march on Versailles

French Revolution Review This reform to the Church ended many of the privileges of the old First Estate, but caused many Church leaders anxiety over whether to be loyal to Paris or Rome June 1789: Tennis Court Oath July 1789: Storming of the Bastille August 1789: Declaration of the Rights of Man Drafted October 1789: Women march on Versailles July 1790: Civil Constitution of the Clergy was signed

French Revolution Review The Declaration was expanded upon and the societal order of France for the previous millennium was turned on its head! June 1789: Tennis Court Oath July 1789: Storming of the Bastille August 1789: Declaration of the Rights of Man Drafted October 1789: Women march on Versailles July 1790: Civil Constitution of the Clergy was signed 1791: France adopts a new constitution

French Revolution Review When Louis and Marie tried to do this, their public opinion turned from one of admiration to disdain 1791: France adopts a new constitution June 1791: Louis XVI attempts to flee to Austria

French Revolution Review Led by the Girondins, France made a bold move to fight the émigrés that wanted to restore the old order. 1791: France adopts a new constitution June 1791: Louis XVI attempts to flee to Austria April 1792: France declares war on Austria

French Revolution Review During a National Convention, the fate of the King was decided. The decision made favoured the Jacobins. 1791: France adopts a new constitution June 1791: Louis XVI attempts to flee to Austria April 1792: France declares war on Austria September 1792: Trial of Louis XVI January 1793: Louis XVI executed (Terror Begins)

French Revolution Review This Jacobin leader met his end due to the accusation of becoming a dictator. End of the Jacobins, the Terror, and the radical revolution. 1791: France adopts a new constitution June 1791: Louis XVI attempts to flee to Austria April 1792: France declares war on Austria September 1792: Trial of Louis XVI January 1793: Louis XVI executed (Terror Begins) 1794: Execution of Robespierre

French Revolution Review The Directory A new constitution was drafted entitled The Rule of the Directory Moderate group: enemies on all sides Therefore this group moved toward a policy of control, and kept power until : Execution of Robespierre 1795: Directory drafts new constitution

Napoleon Years Review In 1799, Napoleon returns home from Egypt to overthrow the government in a coup d’état Napoleon, Abbé Sieyès, and other radical leaders devised a new government in this system. Aimed to keep the ideals of the Tennis Court Oath 1794: Execution of Robespierre 1795: Directory drafts new constitution 1799: Consul system established, Napoleon named First Consul

Napoleon Years Review Compromise made with the Church that benefited Napoleon Resolved the conflicts started with the Civil Constitution of the Clergy (see 1790) 1794: Execution of Robespierre 1795: Directory drafts new constitution 1799: Consul system established, Napoleon named First Consul 1801: The Concordat

Napoleon Years Review Napoleon made this first set of laws for the French nation and made France the most dynamic country in Europe 1794: Execution of Robespierre 1795: Directory drafts new constitution 1799: Consul system established, Napoleon named First Consul 1801: The Concordat 1804: The Napoleonic Code

Napoleon Years Review After naming himself First Consul for life in 1802, Napoleon solidified his leadership in 1804 by claiming this title. 1804: The Napoleonic Code December 1804: Napoleon Crowned Emperor

Napoleon Years Review Napoleon adopted this plan in an effort to crush the British economy. 1804: The Napoleonic Code December 1804: Napoleon Crowned Emperor 1805: The continental system is adopted

Napoleon Years Review 1802 – 1812: Napoleon leads several successful military campaigns in an effort to transform France into a European Empire by using new styles of military action. 1804: The Napoleonic Code December 1804: Napoleon Crowned Emperor 1805: The continental system is adopted 1802 – 12: Napoleon expands his empire

Napoleon Years Review In 1812 Napoleon invades this country that utilizes the “Scorched Earth Theory” 500,000 – 600,000 left, ~ 40,000 return 1802 – 12: Napoleon expands his empire 1812: Napoleon invades Russia

Napoleon Years End/ Aftermath In June 1813, Napoleon lost a battle in Spain to end the struggle started in 1808 to hold power in the country. This battle was won by the Spaniards with help from the British, under the command of the Duke of Wellington. After, the British-Spanish army go into France and Paris is captured 1802 – 12: Napoleon expands his empire 1812: Napoleon invades Russia : Napoleon loses in Spain and is dethroned in Paris

Napoleon then is exiled to Elba (Italian island) A new monarch, Louis XVIII is put into power (Older brother of Louis XVI) 1802 – 12: Napoleon expands his empire 1812: Napoleon invades Russia : Napoleon loses in Spain and is dethroned in Paris April 1814 – Napoleon Exiled in Elba and Louis XVIII put into power Napoleon Years End/ Aftermath

The Congress of Vienna meets in Sept 1814 to determine what to do with France Somewhat seen as a party for defeating Napoleon Was nice to France, let them keep their expanded territory of 1812 Decided on what to do with certain countries. (Lots of annexation of smaller states into larger ones) 1802 – 12: Napoleon expands his empire 1812: Napoleon invades Russia : Napoleon loses in Spain and is dethroned in Paris April 1814 – Napoleon Exiled in Elba and Louis XVIII put into power September 1814: Congress of Vienna Meets Napoleon Years End/ Aftermath

Napoleon returns from Elba with an army in his Hundred Days in March 1815 Congress of Vienna made an army to stop him (led by Duke of Wellington) June 1815 – Battle of Waterloo was a decisive loss for Napoleon. As punishment, Napoleon was exiled to St. Helena September 1814: Congress of Vienna Meets Napoleon Years End/ Aftermath 1815: Napoleons Hundred days / Waterloo

A new peace Treaty was drafted – Far worse for France Accord of Vienna – end result of the Congress of Vienna. Created a balance of power, but ignored the changing idealistic forces of Europe. Austria continued as a large empire, Britain became by far the most powerful country, France was weak, and other colonial empires were falling while the U.S. remained isolated, fearing involvement in Europe September 1814: Congress of Vienna Meets Europe After Napoleon 1815: Napoleons Hundred days / Waterloo