WARM-UP France went through a revolution to get rid of the king and gain a democracy, then became an empire less than 15 years later. When this happened, France celebrated. Explain how this happened.

One way in which Robespierre and Napoleon are similar is that they both A.Played an important role at the Congress of Vienna B.Were executed for treason by French monarchs C.Increased their power during the French Revolution D.Led armies against the Haitians

FALL OF NAPOLEON

EXPANDING FRANCE Empires always look to expand - France no different Napoleon a great general – soldiers loved him – Brilliant – enemies could never predict his movements Takes over a large part of Europe – biggest empire in Europe since fall of Rome Napoleon had all of Europe at war during his reign. He was a threat to all of Europe.

EGYPT – Napoleon invades Egypt – wants to control trade to India While there, British attack and defeat French navy – Napoleon has no ride home While stuck, Napoleon orders historians he brought with him to explore and study ancient Egypt Make an important discovery…

THE CONTINENTAL SYSTEM Napoleon decides to blockade Europe in 1806 – Blockade – closing of ports and not allowing goods in or out – Napoleon wants to make France less reliant on foreign goods Problem: England had better navy, France couldn’t enforce blockade

PENINSULAR WAR Portugal ignoring Continental System, so Napoleon decides to invade – What country do you have to go through to get to Portugal? Spain – Spanish peasants fight back, kill many of Napoleon’s men

INVASION OF RUSSIA Russia also ignored Continental System – Napoleon decides to invade in 1812 Marches in with unbeatable 420,000 person Grand Army in June 1812 Leaves Russia in December 1812 with 10,000 soldiers What went wrong? Napoleon’s loss in Russia is a sign of weakness – rest of Europe starts to attack him

EXILED…TWICE Napoleon defeated in 1814 by Prussia and Russia, forced into exile on island of Elba Exile – being forced to leave one’s homeland – Escapes exile, leads another army – known as the Hundred Days Defeated at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815 – Exiled again, dies six years later Why exile someone instead of killing them?

PREVENTING ANOTHER NAPOLEON After Napoleon’s Hundred Days, leaders of Europe came together at Vienna – Goal: make sure another Napoleon can’t rise to power Congress of Vienna – series of meetings where European leaders try to bring peace to Europe Goal – put leaders from before Napoleon was in power back in place (legitimacy)