American and French Revolution Chapter 17 American and French Revolution

British French Rivalry French and Indian War 1754-1763; known as the 7 years war Treaty of Paris in 1763 confirmed the sweeping British victories not only in North America but in other parts of the world. British large debt Sugar Act and Stamp Act stressed economic control on colonies. Colonist resist new laws. Taxation without representation

Declaration of Independence July 4 1776 U.S. An independent nation Influence of Enlightenment philosophers Power of the government came from the people

The Constitution Articles of Confederation provided inadequate government. Stronger government Federal System of government—divide government up central or federal government, and the individual states. Federal government—declare war, make treaties, coin money, raise armies, regulate trade with countries. 3 Branches of government Bill of Rights

End of the Monarchy Invasion of France by Austrian and Prussian armies set off mass uprisings in Paris. Group of radicals gained control of the city government and set up an organization called the commune. Duke of Brunswick vowed to destroy Paris Commune accurately accused Louis XVI of plotting with foreign monarchs to overthrow the Constitution of 1791. Legislative Assembly suspended the office of the King.

Section 4 National Convention Sept 1792 No one supported the King Governed France for 3 years Proclaimed end to the monarchy and the beginning of a republic. Tried Louis XVI on charges of plotting against the security of the nation. Guilty Jan. 21, 1793 beheaded.

Reign of Terror Lasted Sept 1793 to July 1794 Suppressing all opposition Arrested, tried, executed many people on suspicion Marie Antoinette victim Bourgeoisie and Peasants

Napoleon Bonaparte General at age 26 Military school in France Military genius 5 foot 2 inches tall Popular hero Great general of all time Move troops rapidly Napoleon defeated the Austrians 4 times

Napoleon as Emperor France declared an empire Pope crowned the new emperor/Napoleon placed the crown on his head himself. Defeat British navy and invade Great Britain.

Reorganization of Europe 1808 Napoleon dominated Europe Forced countries to sign humiliating peace treaties Enemy armies grew stronger Enemies copied his techniques and methods

Final Defeat Explain Napoleon's final defeat. Summarize why Napoleon was exiled.