Chapter 20 Section 4

Key Terms  Czar Alexander I  Hundred Days  Duke of Wellington  Prince Klemens von Metternich  Charles Maurice de Talleyrand  Indemnity  Reactionary

The Russian Campaign  Czar Alexander I- Russian leader  Concerned that Napoleon stationed troops at his border  Worried about imports for his country  Napoleon moved his troops into Russia

The Russian Campaign 600,000 soldiers invade Most soldiers were new recruits Supplies were lost or spoiled July heat tough on men and horses Disease, desertion, hunger thinned the ranks

The Russian Campaign  Napoleon wanted a quick victory  Russian troops withdrew  Peasants moved and set their fields on fire  August French troops moving to Moscow  French won a battle

The Russian Campaign  Russian army strong retreated  French army in Moscow in September  City deserted and in flames  Napoleon could not support his troops  Left Moscow in October

The Russian Campaign Russians forced the French to retreat as they entered Russian peasants attacked isolated French soldiers Harsh Russian winter kills thousands 94,000 out 600,000 return to France

Defeat and Exile to Elba  Russia, Prussia, Austria, Great Britain become allies  October 1813 met with Napoleon  Napoleon defeated  Allies enter Paris in triumph

Defeat and Exile to Elba  Napoleon has to give up the throne  Keeps title of emperor  Sent to island of Elba  Off the coast of Italy with 400 guards

The Last Campaigns  Allies restore French monarchy  Louis XVII takes the throne  Return France to 1792 borders  King became unpopular  French feared a return to the old ways

The Hundred Days After a year in exile Napoleon escapes Louis XVII flees to Belgium French had despised Napoleon Thousands of citizens were excited Troops sent to arrest Napoleon pledged their loyalty

The Hundred Days  March 20 Napoleon arrives in Paris  People cheered  Hundred days begins  Hundred days- brief period of renewed glory for Napoleon

Battle of Waterloo Napoleon’s enemies gathered for another battle Duke of Wellington – British commander June 18, 1815 armies met at Waterloo Prussia and Britain combine forces Push the French off the battlefield

Battle of Waterloo  French and British suffer huge loses  Casualties total 50,000 men  Waterloo crushing defeat for Napoleon  End of the Napoleonic Wars

Napoleon’s Final Days  Tried to escape to America  Exiled to Saint Helena, 1200 miles from mainland  Napoleon did not escape  Died 6 years later at 51

The Congress of Vienna  Purpose was to create a stable Europe  Diplomats redrew map-of-Europe  700 diplomats attend  Only a few were crucial to negotiations

The Congress of Vienna  Lord Castlereagh, Czar Alexander I, King Frederick William III, Prince Klemens von Metternich, Charles Maurice de Talleyrand  Meeternich had a strong distaste for democracy

Wanted to restore the old balance of power Restore old monarchies, compensate allies Wanted to make sure France would never rise again Congress wanted to put down revolution where ever it occurred

Redrawing the Map Congress of Vienna changed many borders Strengthened nations around France 38 German states for the German Coalition Britain gains oversea territories France lost all its conquered territory Indemnity- France had to pay back damages to other countries

Restoring Monarchies  Restored some monarchies Napoleon had eliminated  Old Bourbon family returned to Spain and Sicily  Monarchies restored in Portugal and Sardinia

Metternich’s Influence  Reactionary-ideals not only oppose progress but want things to return to the old ways  Metternich was a reactionary  Believed in absolute monarchy  Despised constitutions, voting rights, freedom of religion

Metternich’s Influence  Austria, Germany, Italy, suppressed liberal ideas with secret police  Newspapers were not allowed to publish opposing views

Revolution’s Legacy  After Congress of Vienna monarchs ruled much of Europe  Citizens rights were again restricted  French Revolution changed many things  Nobles and monarchs were not secure in their positions

Revolution’s Legacy  Enlightenment ideas would not go away  Common people knew they could make changes  People no longer assumed nothing can change  Revolution lasted 10 years

Revolutions Legacy  Inspired people for 200 years  Survived worst horrors of French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars  Massive revolutions occurred in France and Rumania  Inspired Latin America to overthrow colonial rule