Europe in 1800

The Rise of Napoleonic France: aNov  Napoleon overthrows the Directory aDec  French voters overwhelmingly approve Napoleon’s new constitution. a1800  Napoleon founds the Bank of France a1801  France defeats Austria and acquires Italian & German territories in the Treaty of Lunéville ; Napoleon signs Concordat with the Pope1801 a1802  Napoleon named consul for life; France signs Treaty of Amiens with Britain aNov  Napoleon overthrows the Directory aDec  French voters overwhelmingly approve Napoleon’s new constitution. a1800  Napoleon founds the Bank of France a1801  France defeats Austria and acquires Italian & German territories in the Treaty of Lunéville ; Napoleon signs Concordat with the Pope1801 a1802  Napoleon named consul for life; France signs Treaty of Amiens with Britain

The Rise of Napoleonic France (cont.): aDec  Napoleon crowns himself emperor; enacts Civil Code of laws (Code Napoleon)Dec aOct  Britain defeats the French and Spanish fleet at the Battle of Trafalgar aDec  Napoleon defeats Austria and Russia at the Battle of Austerlitz a1807  Napoleon redraws the map of Europe in the treaties of Tilsit a1810  Napoleon’s Grand Empire reaches its height1810 aDec  Napoleon crowns himself emperor; enacts Civil Code of laws (Code Napoleon)Dec aOct  Britain defeats the French and Spanish fleet at the Battle of Trafalgar aDec  Napoleon defeats Austria and Russia at the Battle of Austerlitz a1807  Napoleon redraws the map of Europe in the treaties of Tilsit a1810  Napoleon’s Grand Empire reaches its height1810

Napoleon Crossing the Alps – Two Versions Paul Delaroche (1848)Jacques Louis-David (1800)

“Consecration of the Emperor Napoleon & the Empress Josephine,” 1806 by David December 2, 1804

“Napoleon on His Imperial Throne” 1806 By Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres “Napoleon on His Imperial Throne” 1806 By Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres

The Imperial Image

Napoleon’s Grand Empire in 1810

Napoleon’s Family Rules! eJerome Bonaparte  King of Westphalia. eJoseph Bonaparte  King of Spain eLouise Bonaparte  King of Holland ePauline Bonaparte  Princess of Italy eNapoléon Francis Joseph Charles (son)  King of Rome eElisa Bonaparte  Grand Duchess of Tuscany eCaroline Bonaparte  Queen of Naples

German Caricature of Napoleon 1813 J. M. Voltz German Caricature of Napoleon 1813 J. M. Voltz

How should History view Napoleon? Enlightened Despot Cruel Dictator

The Age of Napoleon ( )  DICTATORENLIGHTENED  eBank of France (1800) eCivil Code (1804) eConcordat of 1801 eAmnesty for émigrés eDisillusioned Revolutionaries recruited as prefects, mayors & gov’t ministers eLycée system of schools eEfficient tax system (no exemptions) eUse of propaganda eNo real elections eWomen lost rights eTrade unions banned eCivil liberties reduced eCensorship  newspapers closed eSecret police (Fouché) eSubversive citizens detained w/o trial eArmies viewed as invaders not liberators

The Downfall of Napoleon: a  Napoleon puts the Continental System into effectContinental System a1808  Napoleon puts brother Joseph on Spanish throne; begins the Peninsular War (a.k.a. “The Spanish Ulcer”)Peninsular War aJune 1812  Napoleon invades Russia with 600,00 menRussia aFall-Winter 1812  Napoleon makes disastrous retreat from Russia a  Napoleon puts the Continental System into effectContinental System a1808  Napoleon puts brother Joseph on Spanish throne; begins the Peninsular War (a.k.a. “The Spanish Ulcer”)Peninsular War aJune 1812  Napoleon invades Russia with 600,00 menRussia aFall-Winter 1812  Napoleon makes disastrous retreat from Russia

The Downfall of Napoleon (cont.): aMarch 1814  Russia, Prussia, Austria & Britain form the Quadruple Alliance to defeat France. aApril 1814  Napoleon abdicates and is exiled to ElbaElba aFeb. - June, 1815  Napoleon escapes from Elba & rules France for 100 days.100 days aJune 18, 1815  Napoleon is defeated at the Battle of Waterloo Battle of Waterloo a  Napoleon exiled to St. Helena where he diesSt. Helena aMarch 1814  Russia, Prussia, Austria & Britain form the Quadruple Alliance to defeat France. aApril 1814  Napoleon abdicates and is exiled to ElbaElba aFeb. - June, 1815  Napoleon escapes from Elba & rules France for 100 days.100 days aJune 18, 1815  Napoleon is defeated at the Battle of Waterloo Battle of Waterloo a  Napoleon exiled to St. Helena where he diesSt. Helena

The Continental System

“ Third of May, 1808” by Goya (1810)

Napoleon’s Retreat from MoscowRetreat Napoleon’s Retreat from MoscowRetreat 100,000 French troops retreat—40,000 survive!

Napoleon in Exile on Elba

“The War of the 7 th Coalition”  Britain, Russia. Prussia, Austria, Sweden, smaller German states France  1815: Napoleon’s “100 Days” eNapoléon escaped Elba and landed in France on March 1, 1815  the beginning of his 100 Days. eMarie Louise & his son were in the hands of the Austrians. eNapoléon escaped Elba and landed in France on March 1, 1815  the beginning of his 100 Days. eMarie Louise & his son were in the hands of the Austrians.

Napoleon’s Defeat at Waterloo (June 18, 1815)Waterloo Napoleon’s Defeat at Waterloo (June 18, 1815)Waterloo Duke of Wellington Prussian General Blücher

Napoleon on His Way to His Final Exile on St. Helena

Napoleon’s Residence on St. Helena