Chapter 10 Napoleonic Wars

Peace Interim   Only time when France was not at war with another European country  Sent troops to Haiti  Louisiana Purchase  “Shaming of the princes”

Third Coalition  France prepared to invade Great Britain  Austria, Russia, and Great Britain join the Coalition  Trafalgar  Prussia defeated  Russian army fled

Treaty of Tilsit  Russia agreed to ally against Great Britain  Prussia lost territory

Continental System  Goal: destroy Britain economically  No imports to the Continent from Great Britain  Britain blockaded mainland Europe  Peninsular War  Failed because:  People would not give up luxury goods  Land shipping took too long  Internal tariffs  British made up trade lost

Grand Empire- Napoleon’s Reforms  Liberal reforms  Equality before law  Rule of law (Constitutions)  Metric system  Good-bye to feudalism  Direct collection of taxes  Napoleonic Code  Church lost power  conscription

German Nationalism  Holy Roman Empire  Confederation of the Rhine  J.G. Herder wrote Ideas on the Philosophy of the History of Mankind  Each people should embrace their own way of life  Volksgeist or “national character”

Romanticism  Reaction to Enlightenment  Stressed:  Intuition over reason  No rules  Moral relativism

Napoleon Invades Russia  Dec. 31, 1810: Russia withdraws from the Continental System  Borodino: Napoleon won at high cost  Moscow: Napoleon seizes but burns to the ground  Scorched-earth policy  Casualties: 611,000 entered Russia  400,000 died  100,000 taken captive

Battle of the Nations  Napoleon defeated at Leipzig in 1813  Forced to abdicate the throne  Who should now rule France?  1 st Treaty of Paris:  France goes back to pre-1792 territory  No reparations demanded

Exile, Escape, and Waterloo  Napoleon was exiled to the island of Elba  He escaped and came back to France for 100 Days  Defeated by a British and Russian alliance at Waterloo (Duke Wellington)

Exile (Again)  Sent to Saint Helena  Died less than 6 years later

Legacies of Napoleon  Napoleonic Code  Reforms and stability in France  Changes of boundaries in Europe  Sold Louisiana to the Americans  Increased nationalism in territories he conquered.

Congress of Vienna

The Players (Diplomats)  Talleyrand (France)  Metternich (Austria)  Wellington (Great Britain)  Hardenburg (Prussia)  Nesselrode (Russia)

Results  Antebellum status quo  Concert of Europe  A way of solving problems with balance of power and discussion  Serious war avoided until WWI  Alliances  Holy Alliance- everyone except Britain, Ottoman Empire, and Vatican  Quadruple Alliance- Great Britain, Austria, Russia, and Prussia (later included France in the Quintuple Alliance)  Reactionary in Nature