Trivia Fun Times  What is a political revolution?  What is the document that outlines the rights of French citizens?  What was the name of the island that Napoleon was exiled to the second time? (The one where he died)  Napoleon was famously defeated by the Duke of Wellington at what battle? The battle is often used as a way to say this was a general or person’s end or final defeat.  In 1957, this NFL team won its last NFL Championship. What is this sports team? Extra gravy if you know the opponent. Will they (both) ever win again?

Why all the Haiti? THE HAITIAN REVOLUTION

Where in the world is Haiti?  Situated in the Caribbean between Cuba on the west and Puerto Rico on east  Located on the western part of island of Hispaniola (The Dominican Republic shares the eastern portion of the island)  Capital City: Port-au-Prince  First discovered by Christopher Columbus  Became a French Colony named Saint Domingue during the mid-1600s

Pour some sugar on me…in the name of Haiti…no wait isn’t it love?  Sugar made Haiti one of the richest colonies in the New World  Almost all of European sugar came from either Haiti or Jamaica  Approximately 40% of the world’s sugar supply came from Haiti  Sugarcane is a very labor intensive crop – it is difficult to harvest and cultivate.  Slaves were imported from Africa for the demanding labor needs

Treatment of Slaves  For every white plantation owner there were ten slaves. (10:1)  Slave rebellion was a significant concern – slaves were treated harshly as a result  Slaves who fled known as “maroons”  Rebellions occurred but were brutally suppressed  High mortality rate caused by harsh conditions and disease  Required a constant importation of slaves from Africa.

Class System  Three distinct groups: 1.) White Plantation owners (Blancs) 2.) Gens de couleur (people of color) Typically mixed race *** These two groups made up only about 10% of the population 3.) African slaves Creole: people of European descent born in Latin America Creole Language: mixture of African languages and French

Don’t like oppression? Shake it off…  French Revolution Influence: Declaration of Rights of Man (1789)  French government grants citizenship to free wealthy people of color in 1791  Hoped this would end problems  Ruling white class does not accept this  Slaves revolt and ruling class is overthrown

Toussaint L’Ouverture  Led the slave revolt  Defended Haiti against the British and Spanish forces  Repelled Spanish back to their side of the island  Kept the British out of Haiti  Ended slavery in Haiti and established new government  Fell victim to his political opponents  Arrested by Napoleon’s forces imprisoned in France

Outcomes and Significance of Haiti  France attempts to reestablish slavery  Haiti revolts and defeats France at the Battle of Vertieres in  Napoleon loses interest in the Americas  First Latin American colony to gain its independence  Successful slave revolt  Considered a more “democratic” revolution  Defeated three global powers (France, Spain, Britain)  French colonial rule in the Americas essentially ended.  Sold Louisiana to the United States in 1803

Crash Course – Haitian Revolution 

Document Questions  For each document, answer the questions below:  How does each new government in the Atlantic world define citizenship?  What rights were guaranteed by the government and to which groups of people?  Which documents mention liberty?  How is slavery changed or maintained?  What kinds of power does each new government assume?