What is Geography? Geography is the study of the world, its people and the landscapes they create. Geography is the study of the world, its people and the landscapes they create.

Two areas of geography Physical geography = Physical geography = Landforms Landforms Bodies of water Bodies of water Climate Climate Soils Soils Plants Plants Human geography = Human geography = People People Communities Communities Landscapes they create: Traditions Landscapes they create: TraditionsClothesJobsFood

Five Themes Geographers use the five major themes, or ideas, to organize and guide their studies. Movement Movement Regions Regions Location Location Interaction (Human-Environmental) Interaction (Human-Environmental) Place Place

Movement Moving of people, goods, and ideas from place to place. Moving of people, goods, and ideas from place to place.

Movement Movement is transportation of an object from one place to another. Movement is transportation of an object from one place to another. For example, the majority of oranges are grown in only two states in the United States: Florida and California. However, the rest of the country enjoys oranges year round thanks to movement. For example, the majority of oranges are grown in only two states in the United States: Florida and California. However, the rest of the country enjoys oranges year round thanks to movement. Likewise, the movement of ideas permits regional beliefs to be spread to other regions--a fashion that begins in California (like surfers' long hair) can soon be adopted by people in all regions of the country or even the world. Likewise, the movement of ideas permits regional beliefs to be spread to other regions--a fashion that begins in California (like surfers' long hair) can soon be adopted by people in all regions of the country or even the world.

Movement For our world to advance from medieval times to where we are now, it took increasingly more advanced systems of movement. For our world to advance from medieval times to where we are now, it took increasingly more advanced systems of movement. The printing press helped spread ideas that encouraged further thought, which in turn resulted in other inventions such as the steam engine, electricity, and the gasoline engine. The printing press helped spread ideas that encouraged further thought, which in turn resulted in other inventions such as the steam engine, electricity, and the gasoline engine. We now are able to move goods, ideas, and people very quickly and efficiently. We now are able to move goods, ideas, and people very quickly and efficiently.

Movement People have changed how they move: People have changed how they move: walking walking animals carrying us animals carrying us moved by machines moved by machines

Movement Goods are distributed in a variety of ways. Goods are distributed in a variety of ways. by trucks (land) by trucks (land) by airplanes (air) by airplanes (air) by boats (water) by boats (water) Refrigerated trucks make movement of certain food items possible to regions where they would otherwise never be grown. Refrigerated trucks make movement of certain food items possible to regions where they would otherwise never be grown.

Movement Ideas are spread through a system of movement called communication. Ideas are spread through a system of movement called communication. Letters Letters Telephones Telephones Faxes Faxes Broadcast media (radio and T.V.) Broadcast media (radio and T.V.) The internet. The internet.

Regions Areas of the world that have common characteristics. Areas of the world that have common characteristics.

Regions Physical characteristics = mountain ranges, deserts, rivers, climates, and landforms. Physical characteristics = mountain ranges, deserts, rivers, climates, and landforms. Human characteristics = language, religious beliefs, and political attitudes. Human characteristics = language, religious beliefs, and political attitudes. Regions are relative locations that are brought together by common characteristics.

Regions Examples of regions formed by human characteristics are: Jerusalem, and Chinatown in Chicago. Examples of regions formed by human characteristics are: Jerusalem, and Chinatown in Chicago. Regions formed by physical characteristics include: The Sahara Desert, the Appalachian Mountains, Death Valley, the Bad Lands of South Dakota. Regions formed by physical characteristics include: The Sahara Desert, the Appalachian Mountains, Death Valley, the Bad Lands of South Dakota.

Regions For example, Colorado is split by the Rocky Mountains. The Rocky Mountains are the unifying characteristic because they are the center of life in the area. For example, Colorado is split by the Rocky Mountains. The Rocky Mountains are the unifying characteristic because they are the center of life in the area.

Regions The eastern edge of the Rocky Mountains is a heavily populated region (see below) that developed by taking advantage of the natural resources present at the break line between the Rocky Mountains and the Great Plains: mountain streams for water, trees for lumber, fertile soils on the plains for crop growth, moderate temperatures, and good precipitation levels. The eastern edge of the Rocky Mountains is a heavily populated region (see below) that developed by taking advantage of the natural resources present at the break line between the Rocky Mountains and the Great Plains: mountain streams for water, trees for lumber, fertile soils on the plains for crop growth, moderate temperatures, and good precipitation levels.

Location Where a place is found (absolute and relative) : Where a place is found (absolute and relative) : Absolute location – using latitude, longitude (40N, 120E) Absolute location – using latitude, longitude (40N, 120E) Relative location – using a landmark (Illinois is located next to Indiana) Relative location – using a landmark (Illinois is located next to Indiana)

Location Absolute location= Absolute location= When studying the earth, we study areas (or "regions") and we study specific coordinates on the map. Any place that has a coordinate (an exact longitude and latitude) would be classified as an "absolute location." On a map, places with coordinates are often marked by a dot or other similar symbols. “Relative locations” are larger areas that do not have exact coordinates. When studying the earth, we study areas (or "regions") and we study specific coordinates on the map. Any place that has a coordinate (an exact longitude and latitude) would be classified as an "absolute location." On a map, places with coordinates are often marked by a dot or other similar symbols. “Relative locations” are larger areas that do not have exact coordinates.

Location Relative Location= Relative Location= An area or region would be called a relative location. A relative location is a place or area as compared to another place or area. Relative locations can change depending on the circumstances. For example, below is a map of the northeast. An area or region would be called a relative location. A relative location is a place or area as compared to another place or area. Relative locations can change depending on the circumstances. For example, below is a map of the northeast.

Location The whole map would be considered a relative location, as would each individual state. Since there is no location that could be given one coordinate, the US map doesn't show an absolute location. The whole map would be considered a relative location, as would each individual state. Since there is no location that could be given one coordinate, the US map doesn't show an absolute location. So states would always be an example of a relative location. So states would always be an example of a relative location.

Location Note that on the relative map of Pennsylvania, there is a specific coordinate labeled "Montrose." This is an absolute location compared to the relative area of Pennsylvania. (Remember that Pennsylvania also appeared as a part of the relative map of the northeast.)

Location The relationship between relative and absolute location. The relationship between relative and absolute location.

Location The map of Montrose below now zooms in on the Montrose coordinates to show the entire area of Montrose. Zooming in on Montrose doesn't change the fact that Montrose is an absolute location since it can still be defined with coordinates. Absolute and relative locations can also be determined by how a place is described. The map of Montrose below now zooms in on the Montrose coordinates to show the entire area of Montrose. Zooming in on Montrose doesn't change the fact that Montrose is an absolute location since it can still be defined with coordinates. Absolute and relative locations can also be determined by how a place is described.

Location For example, if you say Montrose is in the Northeast of Pennsylvania, it would be considered a relative location. If Montrose was described by its coordinates, it would be considered an absolute location. Note also that an absolute location can exist within another absolute location; for example, the Montrose courthouse (see red dot) can be described by its coordinates therefore making it an absolute location, within another absolute location (Montrose). For example, if you say Montrose is in the Northeast of Pennsylvania, it would be considered a relative location. If Montrose was described by its coordinates, it would be considered an absolute location. Note also that an absolute location can exist within another absolute location; for example, the Montrose courthouse (see red dot) can be described by its coordinates therefore making it an absolute location, within another absolute location (Montrose).

Location

Interaction How people interact with their environment How people interact with their environment People interact in three ways: People interact in three ways: Depend Depend Change Change Adapt Adapt

Interaction Human Environment Interaction is how mankind reacts to its surroundings. Humans interact with nature every day. Humans react differently to everything they live near. There are three ways that humans interact with nature: Human Environment Interaction is how mankind reacts to its surroundings. Humans interact with nature every day. Humans react differently to everything they live near. There are three ways that humans interact with nature: Humans depend on the environment for food, air, water, etc. Humans depend on the environment for food, air, water, etc. They change their surroundings by clear cutting, mining, building dams, and by mowing the lawn. They change their surroundings by clear cutting, mining, building dams, and by mowing the lawn. Humans adapt to their environment in more ways than they modify and depend on the environment combined. They adapt to their environment by building roads, bridges, houses and other buildings; by organizing cities and towns near water and/or other resources; and by creating hybrid plants. Humans adapt to their environment in more ways than they modify and depend on the environment combined. They adapt to their environment by building roads, bridges, houses and other buildings; by organizing cities and towns near water and/or other resources; and by creating hybrid plants.

Interaction For example, a human might want to cross a river, so he builds a bridge. He/she wouldn't be changing or modifying the river in any way, and he wouldn't depend on the river to build the bridge. So it is obvious that he would be adapting to the river--that is, living with the river's existence. On the other side of the river, this human could modify nature by cutting down trees and building a house. The human would dig a well and depend on the water for existence. For example, a human might want to cross a river, so he builds a bridge. He/she wouldn't be changing or modifying the river in any way, and he wouldn't depend on the river to build the bridge. So it is obvious that he would be adapting to the river--that is, living with the river's existence. On the other side of the river, this human could modify nature by cutting down trees and building a house. The human would dig a well and depend on the water for existence.

Interaction: How does this picture represent human and environment interaction?

Interaction: Interaction: How does this picture represent human and environment interaction?

Place Refers to the physical and human characteristics of an area. Refers to the physical and human characteristics of an area.

Place "Place" refers to the physical and human features that are found on our earth. These characteristics affect what it’s like to be in that area. "Place" refers to the physical and human features that are found on our earth. These characteristics affect what it’s like to be in that area. When studying the earth, we must study both the physical and the human features so we can adapt to the different features and/or modify them to our needs. When studying the earth, we must study both the physical and the human features so we can adapt to the different features and/or modify them to our needs.

Place Physical features are natural characteristics such as mountains, valleys, streams, and rock formations. Physical features are natural characteristics such as mountains, valleys, streams, and rock formations. Examples: Examples:

Place

Place

Place Humans add other characteristics to our earth, such as buildings, fences, and roads, which are usually man made. Humans add other characteristics to our earth, such as buildings, fences, and roads, which are usually man made. Examples: Examples:

Place

Place

Place

Quiz Name the theme that goes with the picture shown. Name the theme that goes with the picture shown. Please do not yell out any answers. Please do not yell out any answers. Raise your hand if you know the answer. Raise your hand if you know the answer. Some pictures can have more than one theme. Some pictures can have more than one theme.

Name the Theme?

Which theme was not used and give an example of it? Which theme was not used and give an example of it?

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