תרופות וטיפולים חדשים בסרטן ערמונית גרורתי עמיד לסירוס דר' רענן ברגר מנהל המכון האונקולוגי המרכז הרפואי ע”ש שיבא, תל השומר.

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Presentation transcript:

תרופות וטיפולים חדשים בסרטן ערמונית גרורתי עמיד לסירוס דר' רענן ברגר מנהל המכון האונקולוגי המרכז הרפואי ע”ש שיבא, תל השומר

מהלך מחלה פוסט- כמותרפיה טיפולים לאחר הורדת רמת הטסטוסטרון הורדת רמת הטסטוסטרון טיפול מקומי גרורתי זמן לא סימפטומטיסימפטומטי לא גרורתי עמיד לסירוס רגיש לסירוס כמותרפיה PSA

מטרות הטיפול כתלות בשלבי המחלה פוסט- כמותרפיה טיפולים לאחר הורדת רמת הטסטוסטרון הורדת רמת הטסטוסטרון טיפול מקומי גרורתי זמן לא סימפטומטיסימפטומטי לא גרורתי עמיד לסירוס רגיש לסירוס אופציות טיפוליות מעקב אקטיבי הקרנות חיצוניות או פנימיות ניתוח ריפוי הארכת חיים עם מינימום רעילותהארכת חיים עם פליאציה כמותרפיה

פוסט- כמותרפיה טיפולים לאחר הורדת רמת הטסטוסטרון הורדת רמת הטסטוסטרון טיפול מקומי גרורתי זמן לא סימפטומטיסימפטומטי לא גרורתי עמיד לסירוס רגיש לסירוס התפתחות הטיפול התרופתי בסרטן הערמונית Chemotherapy Tumor volume & activity מרץ 2010 Grey Zone סטרואידים ? ניזורל ? אסטרוגנים טקסוטרטיפול הורמונאלי (סירוס) ריפוי הארכת חיים עם מינימום רעילותהארכת חיים עם פליאציה כמותרפיה PSA

Current therapeutic landscape in mCRPC Approval status in Europe

התפתחות הטיפול במחלה משנת 2004 Chemotherapy Docetaxel Cabazitaxel  Novel hormone therapy Abiraterone Enzalutamide  Immunotherapy Sipuleucel-T  Bone-targeting therapy Radium-223  Bone-targeting therapy Zoledronic acid Denosumab AND/OR OS benefit Pain palliation & SRE prevention AND Testosterone < castrate serum levels לא בסל התרופות תוספת של תוחלת חיים ואיכות חיים טיפול תומך עצם

Treatment options with OS benefit  Chemotherapy (docetaxel, cabazitaxel)  Hormone therapy (abiraterone, enzalutamide)  Bone-targeting therapy (radium-223)  Sipuleucel-T

Cabazitaxel

Chemical structure: semi-synthetic taxane developed to overcome taxane resistance  Indication in patients with mCRPC previously treated with docetaxel docetaxelcabazitaxel

Cabazitaxel: Efficacy outcomes of TROPIC trial 30% risk reduction Probability of OS (%) Mitoxantrone* Cabazitaxel* Time (mo) CBX MTX No. at risk TreatmentMedian OS Cabazitaxel15.1 mo Mitoxantrone12.7 mo *Prednisone in both arms HR= % CI: P< de Bono JS et al. Lancet 2010;376:

The first series of patients with prostatic cancer treated by orchiectomy 16 comprised 21 patients with far advanced metastases; only 4 of them survived for more than 12 years. Despite regressions of great magnitude, it is obvious that there were many failures of endocrine therapy to control the disease but on the whole, the life span had been extended by the novel treatments and there had been a decrease of man-pain hours. Stilbestrol, which had been discovered in 1938 by E. C. Dodds et al. 15, was the first synthetic substance to control cancer; hence the study of the prostate cancers was the start of chemotherapy of malignant disease. צ'רלס היגינס חתן פרס נובל 1966

הציר ההורמונלי היפותלמוס יותרת המוח אשכים גידול בערמונית LHRH LH טסטוסטרון דיהידרוטסטוסטרון זולדקס סופרפקט דקהפפטיל סירוס קזודקס אבודרט Adrenal קטוקונזול

פוסט- כמותרפיה טיפולים לאחר הורדת רמת הטסטוסטרון הורדת רמת הטסטוסטרון טיפול מקומי גרורתי זמן לא סימפטומטיסימפטומטי לא גרורתי עמיד לסירוס רגיש לסירוס התפתחות הטיפול התרופתי בסרטן הערמונית Chemotherapy Tumor volume & activity מרץ 2010 Grey Zone טקסוטרטיפול הורמונאלי (סירוס) ריפוי הארכת חיים עם מינימום רעילותהארכת חיים עם פליאציה כמותרפיה PSA

Abiraterone

Zytiga (Abiraterone) Mechanism of action Inhibits testosterone production in testis, adrenal glands, and prostate 17α-hydroxypregnenolone 17α-hydroxyprogesterone Pregnenolone Progesterone DHEA Androstenedione → Testosterone C17,20 lyase17α-hydroxylase CYP17 Abiraterone (steroidal)

ABI PBO Abiraterone (post-chemotherapy): Efficacy outcomes of COU-AA-301 trial TreatmentMedian OS Abiraterone15.8 mo Placebo11.2 mo HR= % CI: P< Overall survival (%) Time (mo) Placebo+ prednisone Abiraterone+ prednisone No. at risk Fizazi K et al. Lancet Oncol 2012;13:983-92

Time (mo) Overall survival (%) Placebo+ prednisone Abiraterone+ prednisone TreatmentMedian OS Abiraterone35.3 mo Placebo30.1 mo Abiraterone (pre-chemotherapy): Efficacy outcomes of COU-AA-302 trial HR= % CI: P=0.0151* ABI PBO No. at risk Rathkoph DE al. J Clin Oncol 2013;31(Suppl 6):abs. 5 *pre-specified boundary of significance was not reached

Patients without progression (%) Time (mo) Placebo+ prednisone Abiraterone +prednisone Abiraterone (pre-chemotherapy): Efficacy outcomes of COU-AA-302 trial TreatmentMedian rPFS Abiraterone16.5 mo Placebo8.3 mo HR= % CI: P< ABI PBO No. at risk Ryan CJ et al. N Engl J Med 2013;368:138-48

Enzalutamide

Enzalutamide: Mechanism of action and indication Mechanism of action androgen receptor (AR) signalling inhibitor Tumour death Enzalutamide Inhibits nuclear translocation of AR Inhibits binding of androgens to AR Inhibits association of AR with DNA A A Cell nucleu s AR 1 3 2

Enzalutamide (post-chemotherapy): Efficacy outcomes of AFFIRM trial TreatmentMedian OS Enzalutamide18.4 mo Placebo13.6 mo HR= % CI: P< Probability of Overalll Survival (%) Time (mo) 12 Placebo Enzalutamide 37% risk reduction ENZ PLB No. at risk Scher HI et al. N Engl J Med 2012;367:

Radiographic PFS (secondary endpoint) Radiographic PFS was significantly longer with enzalutamide compared with placebo (8.3 vs. 2.9 months, respectively; p<0.001) Radiographic PFS defined on CT, MRI and bone scan according to RECIST 1.1 for soft tissue and Prostate Cancer Working Group (PCGW2) for bone disease. CI=confidence interval; CT=computed tomography; HR=hazard ratio; MRI=magnetic resonance imaging; PFS=progression-free survival; RECIST=Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors guidelines. De Bono J, et al. Presented at ASCO 2012; Oral presentation Placebo: 2.9 months (95% CI: 2.8–3.4) Enzalutamide: 8.3 months (95% CI: 8.2–9.1) HR=0.40 (95% CI: 0.35– 0.47); p< Survival (%) Time to event (months) 12 No. at risk: Enzalutamide, n= Placebo, n=

HRQoL response rate (secondary endpoint) Significantly more enzalutamide-treated patients experienced an improvement in HRQoL compared with placebo (43% vs. 18%; p<0.001)* *Defined as a 10-point increase in score from baseline in FACT-P score; analysis includes all patients with baseline and post-baseline assessments; FACT-P=Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – Prostate; HRQoL=health-related quality of life; PCS=Prostate Cancer Subscale; TOI=Trial Outcome Index; WB=well-being. Fizazi K, et al. Presented at ESMO 2012; Oral presentation 896O. † ^ † p<0.001 ^ p=0.006 † † † † † † Enzalutamide (n=651) Placebo (n=257)

Enzalutamide (pre-chemotherapy): Efficacy outcomes of PREVAIL trial TreatmentMedian OS Enzalutamide32.4 mo Placebo30.2 mo HR= % CI: P< ENZ PBO No. at risk 29% risk reduction Placebo Enzalutamide Probability of Overalll Survival (%) Time (mo)

Radium-223

Radium-223: Mechanism of action and indication Mechanism of action bone-seeking element, chemically similar to calcium induced double-strand DNA breaks in adjacent tumour cells by α-particles, leading to highly localised tumour cell killing Indication in patients with symptomatic mCRPC, bone metastases and no known visceral metastases Range of alpha-particle Radium-223 Bone surface

Radium-223: ALSYMPCA study design  Double-blind, multi-centre, placebo-controlled phase III RCT  N=921 patients  symptomatic mCRPC  ≥2 bone metastases  after docetaxel or chemo-naïve (ineligible for chemo)  Received either radium-223 or placebo  Primary efficacy endpoint  OS Regulatory approvals FDA: May 2013 EMA: November 2013 Parker C et al. N Engl J Med 2013;369:213-23

Ra PBO Radium-223: Efficacy outcomes of ALSYMPCA trial TreatmentMedian OS Radium-223*14.9 mo Placebo*11.3 mo HR= % CI: P= Radium-223 Placebo Time (mo) No. at risk Parker C et al. N Engl J Med 2013;369: *administered with best standard of care

Tumor antigens released by tumor cells Tumor antigens presented to T cells T cells are activated and proliferate T cells recognize tumor antigens T cells kill tumor cells The T-cell antitumor response Tumor cell APCAPC Inactive T cell Activated T cell Tumor cell חיסון Sipuleucel Prostvac תרופות החדשות

Tumors use complex, overlapping mechanisms to evade and suppress the immune system MHC = major histocompatibility complex; TGF-ß = tumor growth factor-ß. Drake CG, et al. Adv Immunol. 2006;90:51–81; Vesely MD, et al. Annu Rev Immunol. 2011;29:235–271. Inhibition of tumor antigen presentation e.g. down regulation of MHC I 1 APCAPC Inhibition of attack by immune cells e.g. through T-cell checkpoint pathways 3 Inactive T cell Secretion of immunosuppressive factors e.g. TGF-ß 2 Recruitment of immunosuppressive cell types e.g. T-reg 4 Activated T cell

Sipuleucel-T

Mechanism of action: induces an immune response against prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) Indication Patients with asymptomatic (or minimally symptomatic) CRPC Sipuleucel-T: Mechanism of action and indication INFUSE BACK INTO PATIEN T T-cells proliferate and attack cancer cells Active T-cell Recombinant PAP antigen combines with resting APC APC takes up the antigen Antigen is processed and presented on the APC surface Fully activated, the APC is now sipuleucel-T PAP antigen AP C Sipuleucel-T activates T-cells in the body HARVEST APCs FROM PATIENT Adapted from DeFrancesco L. Nat Biotechnology 2010;28:531-2 and

SIP-T PLB Sipuleucel-T: Efficacy results of IMPACT study Probability of survival (%) Time (mo) Sipuleucel-T Placebo TreatmentMedian OS Sipuleucel-T25.8 mo Placebo21.7 mo HR= % CI: P=0.03 No. at risk Kantoff PW et al. N Engl J Med 2010;363:411–22

Immune checkpoint inhibitors: mechanisms of action PD-1 pathway blockade Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Anti-PD-1 PeripheryTumour microenvironment T-cell activation (cytokines, lysis, proliferation, migration to tumour) Adapted from Wolchock J, et al. Presented at ASCO 2013 (abstr. 9012). CD28B7 MHC TCR MHC PD-L1PD-1 PD-L2PD-1 CTLA-4 CTLA-4 pathway blockade Anti-CTLA-4 Lymph Node

פוסט- כמותרפיה טיפולים לאחר הורדת רמת הטסטוסטרון הורדת רמת הטסטוסטרון טיפול מקומי גרורתי זמן לא סימפטומטי סימפטומטי לא גרורתי עמיד לסירוס רגיש לסירוס התפתחות הטיפול התרופתי בסרטן הערמונית Chemotherapy Tumor volume & activity מרץ 2012 טקסוטר טיפול הורמונאלי (סירוס) ריפוי הארכת חיים עם מינימום רעילותהארכת חיים עם פליאציה כמותרפיה Sipuleucel-T Prostvac אבירטרון MDV3100 רדיום 223 אבירטרון MDV3100 ג ' בטנה רדיום 223 XGEVA PSA

AbirateroneRadium 223Taxotere Radium 223Taxotere Abiraterone Radium 223 Jevtana Radium Jevtana Radium Jevtana Taxotere Jevtana אופציות הטיפול התרופתי בסרטן הערמונית העמיד לטיפול הורמונאלי ) שנת 2014( % 15%25%

סל 2015 Enzalutamide Firmagon expanded indication – Hormonal Naïve Pts

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