Cellular Respiration Chapter 7

Obtaining Food Autotrophs – producers – photosynthesis Autotrophs – producers – photosynthesis Heterotrophs – consumers – cellular respiration Heterotrophs – consumers – cellular respiration

Harvesting the Energy in Food

Main Forms of Energy Energy > ability to perform work Energy > ability to perform work Kinetic > Energy of motion > Thermal energy Kinetic > Energy of motion > Thermal energy Potential > Energy stored due to an objects position or arrangement > Chemical energy Potential > Energy stored due to an objects position or arrangement > Chemical energy

Putting Chemical Energy to Work % 75% 40% 60%

Calorie – A Unit of Energy Calorie > the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram (g) of water by 1 degree Celsius (°C) Calorie > the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram (g) of water by 1 degree Celsius (°C) 1,000 calories = 1 kilocalorie (kcal) 1,000 calories = 1 kilocalorie (kcal) We burn calories for work through the process of cellular respiration We burn calories for work through the process of cellular respiration

ATP = Adenosine triphosphate ATP = Adenosine triphosphate ATP = Energy “currency” for cell ATP = Energy “currency” for cell ATP provides energy for the cell to do three types of work: ATP provides energy for the cell to do three types of work: Chemical work = building large molecules Chemical work = building large molecules Mechanical work = muscle contraction Mechanical work = muscle contraction Transport work = getting ions across cell membrane Transport work = getting ions across cell membrane

ATP Cycle

When sugar is burned, oxygen atoms pull electrons from carbon and hydrogen, forming new chemical bonds.

Online activity 7.2 In a Venn diagram write the similarities and differences between the marshmallow being consumed by the fire and by Tom In a Venn diagram write the similarities and differences between the marshmallow being consumed by the fire and by Tom

Electron Transport Chain An electron transport chain is like a staircase, as electrons move down each step in the chain, a small amount of energy is released.

Overall Equation for Cellular Respiration

Overview of what happens during cellular respiration and where (p 148)

Stages of Cellular respiration (p 152)

Cell Respiration Table StagesLocationATP Glycolysis Cytoplasm of cell 2 Kreb Cycle Matrix of mitochondrion 2 Electron Transport Chain & ATP Synthase Action Inner membrane of mitochondrion Total ATP = 38

Where does oxygen go when you breath ? Where does oxygen go when you breath ? What is in the muscle cell that uses the oxygen? What is in the muscle cell that uses the oxygen?

Fermentation is an anaerobic process  Fermentation in human muscle cells  ATP is produced in the absence of oxygen  The byproduct of fermentation is lactic acid  Fermentation in microorganisms  Yeasts are capable of cellular respiration and fermentation  The byproduct of fermentation is alcohol  Some other fungi and bacteria produce lactic acid (use in the production of cheese and yogurt)