2. FAMILIES OF CARBON COMPOUNDS. Functional Groups. (approx

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Presentation transcript:

2. FAMILIES OF CARBON COMPOUNDS. Functional Groups. (approx 2. FAMILIES OF CARBON COMPOUNDS. Functional Groups. (approx. lecture time: 1 hr) Topics covered: 2.1-2.14. This will be a quick survey and review of functional groups and their physical properties alcohol Phenol Estradiol

Functional Groups

Recognizing Functional Groups

Recognizing Functional Groups This compound reverses and prevents symptoms of Alzheimer’s and Huntingdon’s diseases in animal models (Chem Eng News, 2011)

Naming Alkyl Fragments

use of primary (1o), secondary (2o) and tertiary (3o) designations

Amines and Amides

Aldehydes and Ketones

Simple Organic Compounds used in Medicine or Otherwise CH3CH2OH Ethyl Alcohol: oldest recreational drug; at low doses causes euphoria. Ethylene: Plant hormone; controls ripening of fruits. H2C=CH2 Chloral Hydrate: hypnotic, sedative; used for insomnia. Isoamyl Nitrite: vasodilator; treatment of angina; recreational drug. Dichloroacetic acid (DCA): potentially useful for cancer treatment, especially brain cancers (trials ongoing). Gamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid (GHB): treatment of narcolepsy; has now gained illicit use; similar to alcohol in effect. Nitroglycerin: vasodilator; treatment of angina; explosive used in Dynamite. Valproic Acid: established drug for epilepsy, bipolar disorder, depression. Amantadine: Parkinson’s disease; fatigue in MS patients; once used for influenza. Barbital: first marketed barbiturate (hypnotic; sedative).