Transport of Carbon Dioxide CO2 (in plasma) CO2 (from tissue) H2CO3 carbonic acid enzyme H+ + HCO3- hydrogen- carbonate ion CO2 + H2O HCO3- (in plasma)

How is carbon dioxide transported by blood? Carbon dioxide produced diffuses into red blood cells. It reacts with water inside red blood cells to form hydrogencarbonate ions. enzyme CO2 + H2O +H2O CO2 enzyme

How is carbon dioxide transported by blood? Carbon dioxide produced diffuses into red blood cells. It reacts with water inside red blood cells to form hydrogencarbonate ions. enzyme CO2 + H2O H+ + HCO3- These ions diffuse out of the red blood cells and are transported by plasma to the lungs. HCO3

How is carbon dioxide transported by blood? When blood reaches the lungs, the ions diffuse into the red blood cells. HCO3 The ions are broken down to carbon dioxide again. enzyme H+ + HCO3- HCO3

How is carbon dioxide transported by blood? When blood reaches the lungs, the ions diffuse into the red blood cells. CO2 The ions are broken down to carbon dioxide again. enzyme H+ + HCO3- CO2 + H2O Then the gas diffuses into the lungs and then to the atmosphere through expiration.

Investigation To investigate the effect of oxygen and carbon dioxide on citrated chicken blood

Why should the blood be citrated? Ans: This prevents blood clotting from happening.

The blood turns bright red. Oxyhaemoglobin is formed. What happens when oxygen is bubbled through it?

What happens when carbon dioxide is bubbled through it? The blood turns purplish red because oxyhaemoglobin gives up oxygen when carbon dioxide concentration is high. What happens when carbon dioxide is bubbled through it?

To Test a Sample of Blood Plasma (chicken/pig/ox) for glucose Investigation To Test a Sample of Blood Plasma (chicken/pig/ox) for glucose

Name the supernatant obtained after centrifugation. Ans: It is plasma. centrifuge chicken blood supernatant Fehling’s solutions A and B boiling water Name the supernatant obtained after centrifugation. Ans: It is plasma.

What does the precipitate in the centrifuge tube consist of ? chicken blood supernatant Fehling’s solutions A and B boiling water What does the precipitate in the centrifuge tube consist of ? Ans: The precipitate contains blood cells.

Ans: The supernatant forms an orange precipitate. centrifuge chicken blood supernatant Fehling’s solutions A and B boiling water What happens to the supernatant when it is heated with Fehling’s solutions A and B ? Ans: The supernatant forms an orange precipitate.

When will you have more white blood cells in your blood? 1. Phagocytes During Infection made in bone marrow move like Amoeba squeeze out through the walls of capillaries into the surrounding tissues irregular in shape prominent nucleus engulf pathogens

2. Lymphocytes made in bone marrow, then migrate to lymph nodes produce antibodies to attack germs

Platelets Cells fragments budded off from specialized cells in bone marrow life-span is about 5 to 9 days agent for initializing blood clotting

Blood Clotting When platelets are damaged in an injury, it releases a chemical substance which starts a chain of reactions: fibrinogen fibrin serum are yellowish fluid which is plasma without fibrinogen

Whole Blood Blood Cell (45% by volume) Plasma (55% by volume) Red Platelets White Blood Cell Dissolved Substances 90 % Water